Table 1.
Hypozincemia and lymphopenia distributions (%) in the 152 COVID-19 patients and the 88 non-COVID-19 patients.a
| Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hypozincemia distribution, no/total no (%) |
10/88 |
(11.4%) |
42/152 |
(27.6%) |
0.003 |
| Characteristics of included patients | |||||
| Age ≥ 65 yr | 2/12 | (16.7%) | 9/15 | (60.0%) | 0.047 |
| Male gender | 1/36 | (2.8%) | 16/71 | (22.5%) | 0.01 |
| Medically assisted nursing homes | 1/2 | (50.0%) | 7/9 | (77.8%) | 0.49 |
| BMIb < 18.5 kg/m2 | 0/1 | (0.0%) | 3/6 | (50.0%) | >0.99 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 2/14 | (14.3%) | 3/21 | (14.3%) | >0.99 |
| Arterial hypertension | 3/17 | (17.6%) | 7/20 | (35.0%) | 0.29 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 2/11 | (18.2%) | 6/13 | (46.1%) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes (type 2) | 1/2 | (50.0%) | 2/9 | (22.2%) | 0.49 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 2/10 | (20.0%) | 7/15 | (46.7%) | 0.23 |
| Cancer | 2/6 | (33.3%) | 2/4 | (50.0%) | >0.99 |
| Chronic kidney diseases | 0/0 | / | 1/2 | (50.0%) | >0.99 |
| Immunocompromised | 0/2 | (0.0%) | 3/5 | (50.0%) | 0.43 |
| Diarrhea | 2/13 | (15.4%) | 7/27 | (25.9%) | 0.69 |
| Albumin < 3.5 g/dL | 1/1 | (100.0%) | 3/3 | (100.0%) | >0.99 |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) < 20 mg/L | 9/81 | (11.1%) | 29/133 | (21.8%) | 0.047 |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 20 mg/L | 1/5 | (20.0%) | 11/15 | (73.3%) | 0.11 |
| Lymphopeniac | 1/16 | (6.3%) | 23/47 | (48.9%) | 0.002 |
| and CRP < 20 mg/L | 0/14 | (0.0%) | 13/34 | (38.2%) | 0.01 |
| and CRP ≥ 20 mg/L |
1/2 |
(50.0%) |
9/11 |
(81.8%) |
0.42 |
|
Lymphopenia distribution |
16/73 |
(21.9%) |
47/108 |
(43.5%) |
0.003 |
| Hypozincemia | 1/7 | (14.3%) | 23/31 | (74.2%) | 0.006 |
| and CRP < 20 mg/L | 0/6 | (0.0%) | 13/21 | (61.9%) | 0.02 |
| and CRP ≥ 20 mg/L | 1/1 | (100.0%) | 9/9 | (100.0%) | >0.99 |
| Normal zinc blood level | 15/66 | (22.7%) | 24/77 | (31.1%) | 0.26 |
Significant p-values are formatted in bold.
a
Qualitative variables were expressed as no./total no (%) where no. is the number of patients with hypozincemia or lymphopenia and total no is the total number of patients with the characteristics, and compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.
b
BMI: Body Mass Index, kg/m2.
c
Lymphopenia was defined as lymphocyte count below 1.5 × 109/L.