Table 2. Patient demographics and disease characteristics.

Baseline	Patients N = 249
Sex, n (%)
Male	144 (57.8)
Female	105 (42.2)
Age (years), mean (SD)	66.8 (8.6)
Age groups, n (%)
< 65 years	106 (42.6)
≥ 65 years	143 (57.4)
Time since primary diagnosis (years), mean (SD)	6.4 (4.5)
Time groups, n (%)
< 2 years, n (%)	27 (10.8)
≥ 2 years, n (%)	222 (89.2)
Smoking status at baseline, n (%)
Ex-smoker	160 (64.3)
Current smoker	89 (35.7)
Pack years (years), mean (SD)
Ex-smokers	33.9 (18.0)
Current smokers	35.7 (15.5)
Allergic comorbidities, n (%)
None	233 (93.6)
Concomitant diseases (system organ classes), n (%)
Vascular (e. g. hypertension)	133 (53.4)
Respiratory (non-COPD), thoracic and mediastinal	79 (31.7)
Cardiac	69 (27.7)
None/unknown	40 (16.1)
Metabolic (e. g. diabetes mellitus)	39 (15.7)
Musculoskeletal	32 (12.9)
Endocrine	23 (9.2)
GOLD 2017 * assessment of severity of obstruction, n (%)
GOLD I – mild	15 (6.0)
GOLD II – moderate	126 (50.6)
GOLD III – severe	79 (31.7)
GOLD IV – very severe	29 (11.6)
GOLD 2017 * risk classes, A/B/C/D classification, n (%)
Group A: low risk	34 (13.7)
Group B: low risk	136 (54.6)
Group C: high risk	42 (16.9)
Group D: high risk	37 (14.9)
Retrospective 12-month period
Exacerbations per patient, mean (SD)	0.5 (0.9)
Number of exacerbations, n (%)
0	171 (68.7)
1	56 (22.5)
≥ 2	22 (8.8)

COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD = standard deviation

^*Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease (GOLD) 2017; risk classes based on COPD assessment test and exacerbations; N = 249 (number of patients)