Figure 1.

The effect of liver regeneration on the expression levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HCC patients. The expressions of (a) IL-6, (b) TNF-α, (c) IL-1α, (d) IL-1β, (e) IL-10, and (f) TGF-β1 were determined by real-time PCR assay before and after LR. All data are shown as mean ± SEM. The depicted results are representative of 15 independent experiments. NS indicates that the differences in the expression levels are not statistically significant. Asterisks indicate that the differences in the expression levels are statistically significant. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.