Table 2.
Trends of major outcomes for sleep and perimenopausal symptoms in Acupuncture (or acupuncture + hypnotic) and comparison with controls in each study.
| Author, year | Comparison | Outcome measures for sleep | Outcome measures for perimenopausal symptoms and sex hormone | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQI | KI | FSH | E2 | LH | |||
| Ma 2017 [42] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | (-) | ↑ | — |
| 3-month follow-up vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | (-) | ↑ | — | ||
| 3-month follow-up vs posttreatment | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | — | ||
| Acup vs HRT at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | (-) | (-) | < | — | |
| 3-month follow-up | < | (-) | (-) | (-) | — | ||
| Chen et al. 2013 [43] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ (use AIS instead of PSQI) | — | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < (use AIS instead of PSQI) | — | — | — | — | |
| Du et al. 2017 [44] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | < | < | > | — | |
| Kang 2015 [46] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | < | — | — | — | |
| Lai 2016 [47] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | (-) | < | — | — | — | |
| Li 2014 [48] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | — | — | — | |
| Li et al. 2018 [49] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Follow-up vs pretreatment | no data | — | no data | no data | no data | ||
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | < | > | < | |
| Lu et al. 2014 [50] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | — | — | — | |
| Ma 2014 [45] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | — | — | — | |
| Qin 2018 [51] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | (-) | — | — | — | — | |
| Yang et al. 2017 [52] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | > | < | < | |
| Zhang et al. 2017 [53] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | ↓ | — | — | — |
| Acup vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | < | — | — | — | |
| Gao et al. 2014 [54] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup + hypnotic vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | — | — | — | |
| Ma 2016 [55] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | ↓ | ↑ | — |
| Acup + hypnotic vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | < | — | < | > | — | |
| Zhu et al. 2016 [56] | vs same group at different time-point | Post- vs pretreatment | ↓ | — | — | — | — |
| Acup + hypnotic vs hypnotic at same time-point | Posttreatment | (-) | — | — | — | — | |
↑, statistically increase; ↓, statistically decrease; >, statistically higher/longer/more; <, statistically lower/shorter/less; (-), no statistical difference/no statistical changes; Acup, acupuncture; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; KI, Kupperman index; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; E2, estradiol.