Table 5. ORs and 95% CI for breast cancer according to tertiles of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI scores.
| Breast cancer | PDI score | hPDI score | uPDI score | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 105) | T2 (n = 101) | T3 (n = 94) | p value | T1 (n = 103) | T2 (n = 94) | T3 (n = 103) | p value | T1 (n = 93) | T2 (n = 111) | T3 (n = 96) | p value | |
| OR | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Crude (all cases) | 1 | 1.04 (0.60–1.79) | 1.01 (0.58–1.77) | 0.99 | 1 | 0.94 (0.53–1.65) | 0.89 (0.51–1.53) | 0.91 | 1 | 1.39 (0.80–2.43) | 1.63 (0.91–2.90) | 0.23 |
| Model 1* (BMI > 25) | 1 | 1.23 (0.64–2.39) | 0.81 (0.42–1.55) | 0.46 | 1 | 0.99 (0.50–1.96) | 0.79 (0.42–1.51) | 0.73 | 1 | 1.51 (0.79–2.86) | 1.81 (0.92–3.56) | 0.19 |
| Model 2† (BMI > 25) | 1 | 1.36 (0.64–2.87) | 0.77 (0.37–1.61) | 0.34 | 1 | 1.01 (0.47–2.19) | 0.91 (0.44–1.89) | 0.95 | 1 | 1.63 (0.77–3.46) | 2.04 (0.91–4.56) | 0.20 |
| Model 1* (BMI < 25) | 1 | 0.70 (0.24–2.02) | 1.87 (0.54–6.48) | 0.27 | 1 | 1.08 (0.35–3.33) | 1.40 (0.42–4.62) | 0.83 | 1 | 1.39 (0.41–4.76) | 1.78 (0.50–6.33) | 0.67 |
| Model 2† (BMI < 25) | 1 | 0.68 (0.20–2.32) | 1.82 (0.48–6.93) | 0.37 | 1 | 1.27 (0.33–4.82) | 1.47 (0.35–6.22) | 0.86 | 1 | 1.86 (0.47–7.29) | 2.29 (0.54–9.70) | 0.51 |
Binary logistic regression models were used to obtain ORs and 95% CI. The overall trend of ORs across increasing tertiles was examined by considering the median score in each category as a continuous variable.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PDI, plant-based diet index; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index.
*Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous) and energy intake (kJ/day or kcal/day); †Model 2: this model was additionally adjusted for physical activity, family history of cancer, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, menopause status, first menstruation age, weight at 18 years old, length of breastfeeding, hormone replacement therapy, dietary supplement use, medication use, comorbidities.