Table 3. The effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc level, anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers.
| Variable | Zinc group (n = 30) | Placebo group (n = 30) | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of trial | p value* | Baseline | End of trial | p value* | Baseline† | End of trial† | p value‡ | |
| Weight (kg) | 72.68 ± 4.34 | 65.20 ± 4.23 | < 0.001 | 71.20 ± 3.24 | 76.72 ± 3.21 | < 0.001 | 0.107 | < 0.001 | 0.810 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.33 ± 3.35 | 24.20 ± 3.21 | < 0.001 | 28.13 ± 6.28 | 29.35 ± 3.50 | < 0.001 | 0.362 | < 0.001 | 0.305 |
| WC (cm) | 94.42 ± 5.94 | 84.52 ± 4.97 | < 0.001 | 92.51 ± 4.65 | 100.00 ± 8.19 | < 0.001 | 0.176 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 109.04 ± 9.90 | 104.23 ± 11.37 | 0.082 | 110.36 ± 9.51 | 104.29 ± 9.97 | 0.025 | 0.620 | 0.985 | 0.632 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.00 ± 6.92 | 78.84 ± 3.25 | 0.523 | 80.00 ± 4.71 | 78.92 ± 3.14 | 0.415 | 0.190 | 0.925 | 0.107 |
| PA (MET.h/day) | 128.85 ± 4.07 | 137.76 ± 4.13 | 0.358 | 144.73 ± 6.33 | 125.73 ± 3.20 | 0.195 | 0.283 | 0.235 | 0.225 |
| Serum zinc (µg/dL) | 68.84 ± 21.47 | 114.15 ± 25.93 | < 0.001 | 77.57 ± 16.84 | 67.89 ± 14.60 | 0.026 | 0.190 | < 0.001 | 0.130 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 153.83 ± 32.85 | 78.97 ± 11.21 | < 0.001 | 150.35 ± 27.71 | 195.14 ± 29.49 | < 0.001 | 0.605 | < 0.001 | 0.663 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.69 ± 10.12 | 48.23 ± 11.48 | 0.613 | 48.56 ± 9.69 | 45.78 ± 9.24 | 0.326 | 0.491 | 0.390 | 0.456 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 160.85 ± 118.66 | 139.81 ± 56.59 | 0.412 | 136.07 ± 84.59 | 117.00 ± 44.59 | 0.288 | 0.378 | 0.105 | 0.310 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 200.54 ± 48.14 | 139.92 ± 30.42 | < 0.001 | 198.82 ± 46.87 | 243.04 ± 50.36 | < 0.001 | 0.890 | < 0.001 | 0.886 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.56 ± 2.43 | 0.28 ± 0.61 | < 0.001 | 2.48 ± 2.14 | 3.58 ± 2.24 | 0.031 | 0.535 | 0.010 | 0.920 |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PA, physical activity MET, metabolic equivalent of task; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
*The p values obtained from paired sample t-test; †The p values obtained from independent sample t-test; ‡The p values obtained from analysis of covariance test adjusted for baseline values.