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. 2021 May 3;11:9444. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88981-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sample dispersion in the two-dimensional space spanned by the two principal components extracted by PCA. Animals with at least one missing value in any of the variables considered (sperm parameters and testicular metabolites) were not included in the analysis. All the animals included in the model are represented in the graphs. Significance (p) values refer to overall permANOVA significance, obtained by the vegan R package. Significance was considered when adjusted p < 0.1. PC1 principal component 1, PC2 principal component 2, Gen generation factor, Int interaction (Generation*Diet) factor. PCA data visualization was obtained using the software SPSS 26 (Armonk, NY, USA) and edited using the software Inkscape 1.0 (Boston, MA, USA).