Table 2.
Confirmatory factor analysis, AVE and composite reliability.
| Variables | Items | Factor loading | Cronbach's alpha | AVE | CR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile phone distraction | MD1 | When I am using a mobile phone, I don't think about my work/tasks | 0.89 | |||
| MD2 | I lose track of time when using the mobile phone | 0.87 | ||||
| MD3 | I often use a mobile phone to avoid doing unpleasant things in my work/task | 0.87 | 0.95 | 0.76 | 0.92 | |
| MD4 | I find that I use mobile phone when I have work to do | 0.87 | ||||
| Cognitive emotion pre-occupation | CG1 | When I haven't been using mobile phone for some time, I become pre-occupied with the thought of using it | 0.84 | |||
| CG2 | I would feel lost if I was unable to use mobile phone | 0.80 | ||||
| CG3 | I think obsessively about using mobile phone applications when I am not using them | 0.88 | 0.95 | 0.75 | 0.94 | |
| CG4 | Do you find yourself unable to stop thinking about using mobile phone? | 0.89 | ||||
| CG5 | Is it hard to distract yourself from thinking about mobile phone? | 0.90 | ||||
| CG6 | Do thoughts about using mobile phone intrude into your daily activities? | 0.89 | ||||
| Attention control | AT1 | When concentrating, can focus and become unaware | 0.88 | |||
| AT2 | It is easy for me to read or write while I am also talking on phone | 0.87 | ||||
| AT3 | After being interrupted/distracted, easily shift attention back | 0.90 | ||||
| AT4 | When trying to focus my attention, I have difficulty blocking out distracting thoughts | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.80 | 0.96 | |
| AT5 | When I need to concentrate, I have trouble focusing my attention | 0.93 | ||||
| AT6 | When working on something, still get distracted by mobile phone | 0.89 | ||||
| AT7 | Distracting thought comes to mind, easy for me to shift my attention away from it | 0.90 | ||||
| AT8 | When I am reading or studying, I am easily distracted if notifications appear on mobile phone | 0.89 | ||||
| Psychological well-being | PW1 | The demands of everyday life often get me down | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.74 | 0.95 |
| PW2 | I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life | 0.81 | ||||
| PW3 | I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me | 0.84 | ||||
| PW4 | I don't have a good sense of what it is that I am trying to accomplish in my life | 0.90 | ||||
| PW5 | In general, I feel confident and positive about myself | 0.92 | ||||
| PW6 | In many ways, I feel disappointed about my achievements in my life | 0.82 | ||||
| PW7 | My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves. | 0.86 | ||||
| PW8 | I am able to do things as well as most other people | 0.89 |