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Activated mTOR signaling induces the secretion of IL-4 in melanomas and YM1 in macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Secreted YM-1enhances the EEA1-mediated xCT capture via the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway to promote antioxidant mechanisms through GSH in radiotherapy. Therefore, the regulation of mTOR activity using rapamycin could increase tumor sensitivity to γ-radiation-induced ROS by inhibiting the interaction between melanoma and macrophages.
