Upregulation of THBS1 may be involved in preeclampsia. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of THBS1 in the normal placenta (a) and PE placenta (b). CK7 positive indicates CTB. CK-negative cells with aggregated and fused nuclei are STB, as pointed by the arrows. Scale 50 μm. (B) Western blot detection of THBS1, p-CREB, CREB, CD36, ECAD, GCM1 and Syn2 in the normal and PE placentae. β-actin was used as loading control (a). Relative CREB phosphorylation is based on CREB protein (b). Relative to other protein expressions, the standard is β-actin (c). Bars marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the data between the groups. (C) qRT-PCR detection of the mRNA of THBS1, CD36, CREB and Syncytialization markers in the normal placenta. Results are expressed as: mean ± SD relative to control (1.0). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.