TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts
| NF training cohort (n = 260) | NF internal validation cohort (n = 134) | ZY external validation cohort (n = 122) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | COMMD10 | Patients | COMMD10 | Patients | COMMD10 | |||||||
| Characteristic | Number | Low (%) | High (%) | P value | Number | Low (%) | High (%) | P value | Number | Low (%) | High (%) | P value |
| Age (years) | 0.643 | 0.960 | 0.912 | |||||||||
| ≤50 | 137 | 64 (46.7) | 73 (53.3) | 61 | 27 (44.3) | 34 (55.7) | 65 | 36 (55.4) | 29 (44.6) | |||
| >50 | 123 | 61 (49.6) | 62 (50.4) | 73 | 32 (43.8) | 41 (56.2) | 57 | 31 (54.4) | 26 (46.6) | |||
| Sex | 0.157 | 0.018 | 0.664 | |||||||||
| Female | 28 | 17 (60.7) | 11 (39.3) | 17 | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | 22 | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.7) | |||
| Male | 232 | 108 (46.6) | 124 (53.4) | 117 | 47 (40.2) | 70 (59.8) | 100 | 54 (54.0) | 46 (46.0) | |||
| Hepatitis | 0.116 | 0.773 | 0.323 | |||||||||
| HBV | 231 | 112 (48.5) | 119 (51.5) | 129 | 58 (45.0) | 71 (55.0) | 100 | 54 (54.0) | 46(46.0) | |||
| HCV | 5 | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 | 0(0) | 1 (100.0) | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |||
| Unknown | 24 | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 19 | 12 (63.2) | 7 (36.) | |||
| Tumor size (cm) | 0.018 | 0.078 | 0.998 | |||||||||
| ≤5 | 130 | 53 (40.8) | 77 (59.2) | 75 | 28 (37.3) | 47 (62.7) | 51 | 28 (54.9) | 23 (45.1) | |||
| >5 | 130 | 72 (55.4) | 58 (44.6) | 59 | 31 (52.5) | 28 (47.5) | 71 | 39 (54.9) | 32 (45.0) | |||
| Tumor number | 0.148 | 0.670 | 0.718 | |||||||||
| 1 | 217 | 100 (46.1) | 117 (53.9) | 121 | 54 (44.6) | 67 (55.4) | 110 | 61 (55.5) | 49 (4.5) | |||
| ≥2 | 43 | 25 (58.1) | 18 (41.9) | 13 | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 12 | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | |||
| Tumor embolus | 0.677 | 0.471 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| Yes | 29 | 15 (51.7) | 14 (48.3) | 9 | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 11 | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | |||
| No | 231 | 110 (47.6) | 121 (52.4) | 125 | 54 (43.2) | 71 (56.8) | 110 | 60 (54.5) | 50 (45.5) | |||
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (100) | 0(0) | |||
| Tumor differentiation | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.289 | |||||||||
| Well | 59 | 22 (37.3) | 37 (62.7) | 32 | 10 (31.3) | 22 (68.8) | 7 | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | |||
| Medium | 171 | 81 (47.4) | 90 (52.6) | 88 | 37 (42.0) | 51 (58.0) | 98 | 51 (52.0) | 47 (48.0) | |||
| Poor | 30 | 22 (73.3) | 8 (26.7) | 14 | 12 (85.7) | 2 (14.3) | 17 | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | |||
| Cirrhosis | 0.907 | 0.917 | 0.828 | |||||||||
| Yes | 186 | 89 (47.8) | 97 (52.2) | 96 | 42 (43.8) | 54 (56.3) | 59 | 33 (55.9) | 26 (44.1) | |||
| No | 84 | 36 (48.6) | 38 (51.4) | 38 | 17 (44.7) | 21 (55.3) | 63 | 34 (54.0) | 29 (46.0) | |||
| AFP (μg/L) | 0.074 | 0.010 | 0.855 | |||||||||
| <400 | 150 | 65 (43.3) | 85 (56.7) | 100 | 38 (38.0) | 62 (62.0) | 68 | 38 (55.9) | 30 (44.1) | |||
| ≥400 | 110 | 60 (54.5) | 50 (45.5) | 33 | 21 (63.6) | 12 (36.4) | 48 | 26 (54.2) | 22 (45.8) | |||
| Unknown | 0 | 0() | 0() | 1 | 0(0) | 1 (100) | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | |||
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 0.901 | 0.292 | 0.085 | |||||||||
| ≤17.1 | 180 | 87 (48.3) | 93 (51.7) | 96 | 45 (46.9) | 51 (53.1) | 83 | 50 (60.2) | 33 (39.8) | |||
| >17.1 | 80 | 38 (47.5) | 42 (52.5) | 38 | 14 (36.8) | 24 (63.2) | 39 | 17 (43.6) | 22 (56.4) | |||
| ALB (g/L) | 0.084 | 0.346 | 0.162 | |||||||||
| ≤35 | 49 | 29 (59.2) | 20 (40.8) | 29 | 15 (51.7) | 14 (48.3) | 17 | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | |||
| >35 | 211 | 96 (45.5) | 115 (54.5) | 105 | 44 (41.9) | 61 (58.1) | 105 | 55 (52.4) | 50 (47.6) | |||
| BCLC stage | 0.218 | 0.981 | 0.825 | |||||||||
| 0 and A | 204 | 94 (46.1) | 110 (53.9) | 118 | 52 (44.1) | 66 (55.9) | 98 | 53 (54.1) | 45 (45.9) | |||
| B and C | 56 | 31 (55.4) | 25 (44.6) | 16 | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.3) | 24 | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | |||
| Postoperative treatment | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.009 | |||||||||
| TACE | 125 | 62 (49.6) | 63 (50.4) | 72 | 33 (45.8) | 39 (54.2) | 49 | 19 (38.8) | 30 (61.2) | |||
| RFA | 18 | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | 10 | 1 (10.0) | 9 (90.0) | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | |||
| Target | 13 | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 8 | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | 0 | 0() | 0() | |||
| Reoperation | 25 | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | 9 | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 7 | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | |||
| Biotherapy | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | 0 | 0() | 0() | |||
| Chemotherapy | 14 | 9 (64.3) | 5 (35.7) | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | |||
Abbreviations: AFP, α‐fetoprotein; ALB, Albumin; BCLC stage, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; TBIL, total bilirubin.