Quality assessment							Number of participants		Effect		Quality
Number of studies	Study design	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	Education and training	Control	Relative (95% CI)	Absolute (95% CI)
Aggression incident frequency (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (2 weeks)
2	Randomized trials	Very serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	25	24		SMD ‐0.33 (‐1.27 to 0.61)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW
Aggression incident proportion (CBA)—short‐term follow‐up (28 days)
1	Controlled before and after	Very  serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	47	108	OR 2.61 (0.96 to 7.06)		⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW
Aggression incident frequency (CBA)—short‐term follow‐up (6 months)
1	Controlled before and after	Very  serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	10	13		SMD ‐2.75 (‐4.51 to ‐0.99)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW
Aggression incident (RCT/CRCT)—CRCT long‐term follow‐up (1 year)
1	Randomized trials	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	149	142	OR 1.41 (0.87 to 2.26)		⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
Knowledge about aggression (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (1 day to 8 weeks)
3	Randomized trials	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	134	126		SMD 1.08 (0.55 to 1.60)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
Knowledge about aggression (RCT/CRCT)—long‐term follow‐up (1 year)
1	Randomized trials	Serious	Not serious	Serious	Serious	None	447	426	OR 1.42 (1.06 to 1.90)		⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW
Attitudes (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (1 day to 3 months)
5	Randomized trials	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	582	555		SMD 0.44 (0.17 to 0.71)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
General self‐efficacy (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (1 day to 3 months)
5	Randomized trials	Serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	339	323		SMD 0.74 (0.47 to 1.02)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
VST self‐efficacy (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (1 day to 8 weeks)
3	Randomized trials	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	134	126		SMD 0.50 (0.25 to 0.75)	⊕⊕⊕⊝ MODERATE
Short‐term follow‐up (RCT)—behavioral intentions specific to dealing with patient aggression (1 day)
1	Randomized trials	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	34	28		SMD 0.60 (0.05 to 1.15)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
Skills (RCT/CRCT)—short‐term follow‐up (8 weeks)
2	Randomized trials	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	100	98		SMD 0.21 (‐0.07 to 0.49)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW
Adverse personal outcomes (3 months)
1	Randomised trials	Very serious	Not serious	Not serious	Serious	None	48	45		SMD ‐0.17 (‐0.53 to 0.20)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW