5. Comparison 2 (HFNC vs NIV or NIPPV): dichotomous outcomes from single studies.

Important outcomes	HFNC n/N	NIV or NIPPV n/N	Effect estimatea	Study ID
Participant‐reported outcomes Comfort	74/84	57/84	RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.53	Cong 2019
Adverse events Pneumothorax	8/414	7/416	RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.42 to 3.14	Stephan 2015
Additional outcomes	HFNC n/N	NIV or NIPPV n/N	Effect estimatea	Study ID
Adverse events Ventilator‐acquired tracheobronchitis	11/290	18/314	RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.38	Hernandez 2016b
acalculated using RevMan Web 2019

CI: confidence interval
HFNC: high‐flow nasal cannulae
N: total number of participants in the group
n: number of participants who had an event
RR: risk ratio