6. Comparison 2 (HFNC vs NIV or NIPPV): continuous outcomes for single studies.
| Important outcomes | HFNC | NIV or NIPPV | Effect estimatea | P valueb | Study ID |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | Median (IQR): 9 (4 to 19) | Median (IQR): 10.5 (5 to 19) | Not reported | Hernandez 2016a | |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | Median (IQR) 6 (4 to 10) | Median (IQR) 6 (4 to 10) | 0.77 | Stephan 2015 | |
|
Short‐term comfort (1 hour) 5‐point scale of 'poor', 'acceptable', or 'good' |
Poor: 16.7% Acceptable: 31.0% Good: 51.0% |
Poor: 17.8% Acceptable: 29.3% Good: 53.0% |
0.32 | Stephan 2015 | |
|
Long‐term comfort (day 3) 5‐point scale of 'poor', 'acceptable', or 'good' |
Poor: 21% Acceptable: 32.4% Good: 47% |
Poor: 21% Acceptable: 31% Good: 48.3% |
> 0.99 | Stephan 2015 | |
| Additional outcomes | HFNC | NIV or NIPPV | Effect estimatea | P valueb | Study ID |
| Long‐term PaO2 (mmHg) | Mean (SD): 81.87 (15.27) | Mean (SD): 82.22 (15.64) | MD ‐0.35, 95% CI ‐5.02 to 4.32 | Cong 2019 | |
| Long‐term SpO2 (%) | Mean (SD): 87.83 (8.16%) | Mean (SD): 88.65 (7.15) | MD ‐0.82, 95% CI ‐3.14 to 1.50 | Cong 2019 | |
| Long‐term SpO2 (%) | Mean (SD): 91.93 (4.35) | Mean (SD): 92.75 (4.07) | MD ‐0.82, 95% CI ‐2.09 to 0.45 | Cong 2019 | |
| Short‐term PaCO2 (mmHg) (6 to 12 hours) | Mean (95% CI) 38.2 (37.6 to 38.9) | Mean (95% CI) 39.3 (38.6 to 40.0) | 0.19 | Stephan 2015 | |
| Long‐term PaCO2 (mmHg) | Mean (SD) 81.87 (15.27) | Mean (SD) 82.22 (15.64) | MD ‐0.35, 95% CI ‐5.02 to 4.32 | Cong 2019 | |
| Long‐term respiratory rate (breaths/min) | Mean (SD) 22.4 (4.4) | Mean (SD) 21 (4.5) | MD 1.40, 95% CI ‐1.36 to 4.16 | Jing 2019 | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | Median (IQR): 23 (14 to 46) | Median (IQR): 26 (16 to 37) | Not reported | Hernandez 2016a | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | Median (IQR) 13 (9 to 22) | Median (IQR) 14 (9 to 20) | 0.59 | Stephan 2015 | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | Mean (SD): 18.04 (6.15) | Mean (SD): 18.31 | MD ‐0.27 days, 95% CI ‐2.26 to 1.72 | Cong 2019 | |
| acalculated using RevMan Web 2019 bas reported by study authors | |||||
CI: confidence interval ICU: intensive care unit IQR: interquartile range MD: mean difference PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood PaO2/FiO2: ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen