| 1.1 Treatment failure (escalation of respiratory support to NIV, NIPPV or invasive ventilation) |
15 |
3044 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.62 [0.45, 0.86] |
| 1.1.1 Post‐extubation respiratory support |
11 |
1912 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.50 [0.30, 0.86] |
| 1.1.2 Respiratory support without prior use of mechanical ventilation |
4 |
1132 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.85 [0.68, 1.08] |
| 1.2 In‐hospital mortality |
11 |
2673 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.82, 1.11] |
| 1.3 Important adverse events |
5 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.3.1 Pneumonia |
4 |
1057 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.72 [0.48, 1.09] |
| 1.3.2 Nasal mucosa or skin trauma |
2 |
617 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.66 [0.43, 31.48] |
| 1.4 Length of ICU stay (days) |
6 |
970 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.13 [‐0.02, 0.28] |
| 1.5 Short‐term respiratory effects: PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg) |
5 |
600 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
10.34 [‐17.31, 38.00] |
| 1.6 Comfort |
4 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.6.1 Short‐term effect |
4 |
662 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.31 [‐0.60, 1.22] |
| 1.6.2 Long‐term effect |
2 |
445 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.59 [‐2.29, 3.47] |
| 1.7 Long‐term respiratory effects: PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg) |
2 |
195 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
34.28 [‐19.25, 87.80] |
| 1.8 Short‐term and long‐term respiratory effects: PaO 2 (mmHg) |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.8.1 Short‐term effects |
4 |
415 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.92 [‐1.24, 11.07] |
| 1.8.2 Long‐term effects |
2 |
644 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
12.27 [7.51, 17.04] |
| 1.9 Short‐term and long‐term respiratory effects: SpO 2 (%) |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.9.1 Short‐term effects |
5 |
572 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.79 [‐0.29, 1.88] |
| 1.9.2 Long‐term effects |
2 |
445 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.28 [0.02, 2.55] |
| 1.10 Short‐term respiratory effects: PaCO 2 (mmHg) |
5 |
755 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.05 [‐2.24, 0.13] |
| 1.11 Short‐term and long‐term respiratory rate (breaths/min) |
9 |
1608 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.01 [‐3.19, ‐0.83] |
| 1.11.1 Short‐term effects |
8 |
1017 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.02 [‐3.66, ‐0.37] |
| 1.11.2 Long‐term effects |
4 |
591 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.01 [‐4.39, 0.37] |
| 1.12 Length of hospital stay (days) |
2 |
450 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.11 [‐0.43, 0.20] |
| 1.13 Refusal to continue with treatment |
2 |
560 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
26.89 [3.67, 197.32] |
