1. DSM‐5 general criteria for personality disorder.

Criteria	Description (DSM‐5, p 646‐7)
A.	An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas. Cognition (i.e. ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events). Affectivity (i.e. the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response). Interpersonal functioning. Impulse control.
B.	The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.
C.	The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D.	The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood.
E.	The enduring pattern is not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder.
F.	The enduring pattern is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or a another medical condition (e.g. head trauma).

DSM‐5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐Fifth Edition