Buric 2019.
| Methods | Design: randomised controlled study (see notesab) |
| Participants |
Participants: prisoners with personality disorder (see notec) Sex: all male Age: whole sample (see notec): 41 years (SD = 8.00) Unit of allocation: individual (stratified random sampling) Number randomised: 30 (see notea) Number completing: 21 (see note c) (7/10 mindfulness group; 5/10 yoga group; 9/10 control group) (intention‐to‐treat analysis) Setting: prison; clinical unit in high‐security prison, for prisoners with severe personality disorder Inclusion criteria: aged 18‐65 years; willing to participate and able to provide informed consent Exclusion criteria: major neurological disorders (not specified) that compromise completion of the interventions or assessments; difficulty understanding English Ethnicity: not stated Baseline characteristics:(see notec) Age: mindfulness group mean = 37.60 (SD = 3.24); yoga group mean = 41.60 (SD = 7.15); control group mean = 42.60 (SD = 6.79) Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised score: mindfulness group mean = 31.75 (SD = 4.12); yoga group mean = 29.32 (SD = 4.99); control group mean = 33.16 (SD = 6.98) Diagnosis (definite or probable) of personality disorder: paranoid PD (mindfulness group = 60%; yoga group = 65%; control group = 60%); schizoid PD: (mindfulness group = 5%; yoga group = 10%; control group = 10%); schizotypal PD: (mindfulness group = 0%; yoga group = 25%; control group = 10%); AsPD (mindfulness group = 100%; yoga group = 85%; control group = 90%); borderline PD (mindfulness group = 85%; yoga group = 75%; control group = 85%); histrionic PD (mindfulness group = 25%; yoga group = 10%; control group = 25%); narcissistic PD (mindfulness group = 40%; yoga group = 45%; control group = 40%); avoidant PD (mindfulness group = 20%; yoga group = 40%; control group = 20%); dependent PD (mindfulness group = 0%; yoga group = 0%; control group = 5%); obsessive‐compulsive PD (mindfulness group = 15%; yoga group = 10%; control group = 10%) Number of psychotherapy sessions: mindfulness group mean = 392.10 (SD = 366.90); yoga group mean = 403.20 (SD = 344.55); control group mean = 380.40 (SD = 293.68) |
| Interventions | Three conditions: mindfulness meditation programme; yoga programme; or waiting‐list control
Details of conditions
Duration of intervention: 10 sessions (15 hours) over 5 days Duration of trial: 4‐5 weeks but unclear (pre‐intervention assessments = 2 weeks; intervention = 1 week; post‐intervention = 10 days) Length of follow‐up: up to 2 weeks but unclear (follow‐up commenced 3 days after intervention was complete and lasted for 10 days) |
| Outcomes |
Primary outcomes
Secondary outcomes
Other outcomes
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| Notes |
aEmail correspondence sent to I Buric on 12 September 2019 requesting full text of study. Further email sent to both I Buric and M Farias on 3 December 2019 and 17 December 2019 requesting confirmation of whether the study was an RCT. Response received on 17 December 2019 confirming randomisation procedure and that the paper is currently under review with the International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology (Buric 2019). Given that the study has not been though a peer‐review process (and data may be subject to amendment), the review authors considered that this study should remain in the 'awaiting assessment' until the peer‐review process has taken place. bParticipants were stratified by the amount of therapy received (from 0 to 5 years), dominant cluster of personality disorders (A, B, C or equally dominant A and B, and B and C), comorbid psychiatric disorder (7 had ADHD, 2 had major depressive disorder, and 21 had no other psychiatric diagnosis), and previous experience in meditation or yoga (5 had experience in meditation, 2 had experience in yoga). cWhole sample data only. 90% of recruited participants had a diagnosis of AsPD (mindfulness group: 100% definite diagnosis of AsPD; yoga group: 85% definite AsPD; control group: 90% definite AsPD). No data for AsPD subgroup. No details of assessment method for AsPD diagnosis provided, though all participants were recruited from a specialist clinical service for personality disordered offenders dThe trial authors noted that "all prisoners attend a 5‐year trauma‐informed treatment programme that consists of group and individual therapy, and aims to improve mental well‐being, emotional self‐regulation, and consequently reduce risk of reoffending" (p 9, pre‐publication manuscript; Buric 2019). |
AAT = animal‐assisted therapy ACAT = Association of Cognitive Analytic Therapy ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AsPD = antisocial personality disorder BPD = borderline personality disorder CAT = cognitive analytic therapy CTBE = community treatment by experts DBT = dialectical behaviour therapy DSM‐IV (‐TR) = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐Fourth Edition (‐Text Revision) ERP = event‐related potentials F0 = diagnoses F00‐F09 in the International Classification of Diseases‐Tenth Edition F1 = diagnoses F10‐F19 in the International Classification of Diseases‐Tenth Edition F2 = diagnoses F20‐F29 in the International Classification of Diseases‐Tenth Edition ICD‐10 = International Classification of Diseases‐Eleventh Edition IPDE = International Personality Disorder Examination IQR = inter‐quartile range MACT= manual‐assisted cognitive behaviour therapy MF = motivation feedback NHS = National Health Service PAS = Personality Assessment Schedule PD = personality disorder RCT = randomised controlled trial SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐Fourth Edition] SD = standard deviation SFQ = Social Functioning Questionnaire SIDP‐IV = Structured Interview for DSM‐IV Personality STEPPS = systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving TAU = treatment as usual USA = United States of America