| Study characteristics |
| Methods |
Study design: parallel RCT Study duration: not reported Follow‐up period: 2 years |
| Participants |
Setting: multicentre (3 sites) Country: China Relevant health status: CKD‐5D on HD/PD Number: treatment group (125); control group (128) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (70.3 ± 10.9); control group (70.6 ± 8.4) Sex (M): treatment group (58.4%); control group (62.5%) Exclusion criteria: hypotension, hepatic failure, and any life‐threatening disease other than ESKD; congestive heart failure (EF ≤ 50%) in recent 6 months; occurrence of an acute MI or stroke within 6 months after the study initiation; prior use of spironolactone or potassium level > 6.0 mmol/L |
| Interventions |
Treatment group
Control group
|
| Outcomes |
Death (any cause) Death (cardiovascular) LVM index: men, women EF Serum potassium Gynaecomastia |
| Identification |
Authors name: Chong Ting Lin, MD Institution: Department of Hemodialysis Room, Yantaishan Hospital Taishan Medical College Email: lingchongting0535@126.com |
| Notes |
Funding source: not reported Complete follow‐up: treatment group (100/125, 80.0); control group (98/128, 76.6) |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Low risk |
Quote: "The allocation sequence was generated independently by a nurse and concealed in opaque envelopes." |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Low risk |
Quote: "Both investigators and participants were not aware of the allocations." |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Quote: "placebo‐controlled" |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Quote: "placebo‐controlled" |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
Imbalance in numbers for missing data across intervention groups |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Protocol: not reported |
| Other bias |
Unclear risk |
Funding: not reported |
