1. Carcinoma of the ovary: FIGO* nomenclature.

Stage	Extent of tumour	Substage	Details
I	Limited to ovaries	Ia	Limited to 1 ovary, no tumour on surface or capsule rupture, no positive ascites
		Ib	Limited to both ovaries, no tumour on surface or capsule rupture, no positive ascites
		Ic	Stage Ia or Ib but with capsule ruptured, tumour on ovarian surface or positive peritoneal washings/ascites
II	Limited to 1 or both ovaries with pelvic extension	IIa	Extension, metastases to uterus, tubes, or a combination
		IIb	Extension to other pelvis tissues
		II c	Stage IIa or IIb with tumour on the surface of 1 or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with positive peritoneal washings/ascites
III	Limited to abdomen with histologically confirmed peritoneal implants outside the pelvis or positive nodes, or both, or extension to small bowel or omentum	IIIa	Tumour grossly limited to the true pelvis with negative regional lymph nodes, microscopic seeding of abdominal peritoneal surfaces or extension to small bowel or mesentery
		IIIb	Macroscopic metastases < 2 cm; negative regional lymph nodes
		IIIc	Macroscopic metastases > 2 cm or positive regional lymph nodes, or both
IV	Distant metastases		Growth outside the abdominal cavity (e.g. lung, liver parenchyma (superficial liver metastases is stage III))

FIGO: Federation of International Gynaecologists and Obstetricians. * From FIGO 2009 as all included studies used 2009 classification not 2018.