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. 2021 Mar 30;2021(3):CD013119. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013119.pub2

Comparison 1. Any weight loss intervention versus usual care or control.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Mean weight loss [kg] or post intervention body weight 6 180 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.69 [‐5.82, ‐1.57]
1.1.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions (post intervention body weight) 2 56 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐7.73 [‐16.06, 0.59]
1.1.2 Lifestyle: physical activity (post intervention body weight) 2 38 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐6.32 [‐27.45, 14.81]
1.1.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (mean weight loss) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.50 [‐4.33, ‐0.67]
1.1.4 Pharmacological interventions: appetite suppressant (mean weight loss) 1 14 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.53 [‐5.33, 0.27]
1.2 Body mass index 4 100 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.18 [‐4.90, 0.54]
1.2.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 3 73 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.36 [‐5.68, ‐1.04]
1.2.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 27 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [‐1.90, 3.02]
1.3 Waist circumference 2 53 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.68 [‐7.60, 6.24]
1.3.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 1 26 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.60 [‐12.88, 3.68]
1.3.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 27 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.50 [‐4.45, 9.45]
1.4 Waist‐to‐hip ratio 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.4.1 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.5 Creatinine clearance [points] 3 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.29 [‐0.34, 0.91]
1.5.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 2 47 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [‐0.11, 1.11]
1.5.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.54 [‐1.80, 0.72]
1.6 Serum creatinine 4 84 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.15 [‐0.52, 0.22]
1.6.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 3 73 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.62, 0.06]
1.6.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [‐0.27, 1.67]
1.7 Proteinuria 4 84 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.76, 0.18]
1.7.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 3 73 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.52 [‐1.15, 0.12]
1.7.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.46, 0.46]
1.8 Systolic blood pressure 4 139 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.90 [‐13.75, 1.96]
1.8.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 2 56 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.06 [‐7.90, 3.78]
1.8.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 2 83 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.28 [‐30.93, 8.38]
1.9 Diastolic blood pressure 4 139 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.49 [‐11.13, 0.14]
1.9.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 2 56 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.59 [‐17.43, 6.26]
1.9.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 2 83 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.95 [‐14.78, 2.87]
1.10 HbA1c 2 83 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.48 [‐1.15, 0.18]
1.10.1 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.20 [‐3.84, 4.24]
1.10.2 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.50 [‐1.17, 0.17]
1.11 Fasting glucose 2 98 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.27 [‐2.66, 0.11]
1.11.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 1 26 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 5.20 [‐17.04, 27.44]
1.11.2 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.30 [‐2.69, 0.09]
1.12 Total cholesterol 6 169 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐9.06 [‐20.30, 2.19]
1.12.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 3 73 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐12.99 [‐31.29, 5.30]
1.12.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐8.00 [‐34.97, 18.97]
1.12.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐7.70 [‐25.58, 10.18]
1.12.4 Pharmacological interventions 1 13 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 14.10 [‐45.10, 73.30]
1.13 LDL cholesterol 4 139 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐10.30 [‐16.70, ‐3.90]
1.13.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 2 56 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.28 [‐16.47, 23.03]
1.13.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐15.00 [‐38.05, 8.05]
1.13.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.60 [‐18.68, ‐4.52]
1.14 HDL cholesterol 4   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.14.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 2   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.14.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.14.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.15 Triglycerides 5 156 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐24.61 [‐49.53, 0.31]
1.15.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 3 73 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐16.29 [‐65.23, 32.66]
1.15.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 1 11 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐46.00 [‐163.90, 71.90]
1.15.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions (change score) 1 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐32.40 [‐39.58, ‐25.22]
1.16 C‐reactive protein 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.16.1 Lifestyle: physical activity 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.17 Dietary energy intake 4 100 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.55 [‐1.35, 0.25]
1.17.1 Lifestyle: dietary interventions 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.77 [‐2.70, ‐0.84]
1.17.2 Lifestyle: physical activity 2 38 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.73, 0.62]
1.17.3 Lifestyle: mixed interventions 1 36 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.86, 0.45]