Praga 1995.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Recruitment: enrolment start and finish date not reported Study duration: 12 months
Participants	Country: Spain Setting: single‐centre; obesity outpatient clinic Inclusion criteria: obesity BMI > 30kg/m², proteinuria >1 g/24 hour (on at least 3 consecutive determinations) Number: intervention group (9); control group (8) Mean age ± SD (years): intervention group (47.3 ± 8.0); control group (49.5 ± 12.7) Sex (M/F): intervention group (4/5); control group (2/6) Baseline characteristics Nationality: not reported Ethnicity: not reported Mean baseline BMI (kg/m²): intervention group (1 37.1 ± 3.1); control group (38.2 ± 5.0) Stage of CKD: not reported Mean baseline eGFR ± SD (mL/min/1.73 m²): not reported Mean baseline SBP ± SD (mmHg): not reported Mean baseline DBP ± SD (mmHg): not reported Mean baseline energy intake ± SD (kcal/day): not reported Comorbid conditions: sleep apnoea (29%) Exclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus; systemic disease
Interventions	Intervention type classification: lifestyle Weight loss intervention/s used: dietary Intervention group (hypocaloric diet) Were instructed to follow a 1000 to 400 kcal/day diet without a protein restriction. Nil further information on intervention delivery information, who delivered the intervention Control group (captopril without dietary change) Maintained their usual dietary habits without any dietary changes. They started captopril treatment prescribed at 25 mg/day to 50 mg/day in 2 divided doses, to begin with. Later the dose was adjusted according with BP (mean dose 78 mg ± 36 mg/day). Nil further information on intervention delivery information, who delivered the intervention Co‐interventions Not reported
Outcomes	BMI (kg/m²) CrCl (mL/min) SCr (mg/dL) Proteinuria (g/24 hour) Albuminuria (g/dL) Total cholesterol (mg/dL) Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Notes	Founding source: not reported Trial registration: not applicable as published before 2006 Possible conflicts of interest for study author: not declared
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement ‐ no description of randomisation sequence
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement ‐ no description of allocation concealment
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement ‐ no details on if assessors were blinded or not
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Many reported outcome measures have not been reported adequately
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement