Table 2.
Weight history and knowledge and opinions on a genotype-based dietary recommendation
| Variable | Total | BMI (kg/m2) | Gender | Age (years) | Education (years) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 30 | ≥ 30 | Women | Men | 18–35 | 36–65 | > 65 | Student/none | 8/9 | 10 | 12/13 | |||||||
| n/N¶¶ | % | % | % | P | % | % | P | % | % | % | P | % | % | % | % | P | |
| Weight | |||||||||||||||||
| Satisfaction* | 790/1356 | 58·2 | 65·4 | 20·3 | 9e–33 | 56·2 | 60·3 | 1e–0 | 63·3 | 57·1 | 55·0 | 1e–0 | 93·6 | 47·8 | 56·4 | 63·7 | 4e–04 |
| Weight reduction† | 745/1357 | 54·9 | 49·0 | 85·7 | 5e–21 | 60·0 | 49·5 | 2e–02 | 47·8 | 59·0 | 53·6 | 4e–01 | 53·2 | 56·0 | 55·7 | 55·5 | 1e–0 |
| Personalised genotype-based diet | |||||||||||||||||
| Knowledge of personalised dietary recommendation‡,*** | 568/1357 | 41·8 | 40·5 | 48·8 | 1e–0 | 43·1 | 40·6 | 1e–0 | 49·8 | 42·5 | 31·9 | 3e–03 | 0·0 | 35·4 | 38·5 | 51·2 | 2e–05 |
| Knowledge of genotype-based dietary recommendation§,*** | 262/1357 | 19·3 | 19·0 | 20·7 | 1e–0 | 20·7 | 17·8 | 1e–0 | 22·6 | 18·7 | 17·2 | 1e–0 | 8·4 | 18·7 | 20·2 | 21·3 | 1e–0 |
| Different kinds of nutritional recommendation‖,*** | 798/1113 | 71·5 | 71·0 | 74·3 | 1e–0 | 73·2 | 69·9 | 1e–0 | 72·9 | 73·7 | 64·5 | 1e–0 | 21·0 | 72·3 | 71·9 | 72·8 | 1e–0 |
| Experience of personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation¶,*** | 101/635††† | 15·7 | 14·4 | 22·1 | 1e–0 | 13·5 | 18·9 | 1e–0 | 13·1 | 18·2 | 13·7 | 1e–0 | 0·0 | 21·6 | 13·3 | 16·3 | 1e–0 |
| Expectation of genotype-based dietary recommendation**,*** | |||||||||||||||||
| Health maintenance | 1146/1324 | 86·6 | 85·9 | 90·0 | 1e–0 | 87·8 | 85·3 | 1e–0 | 95·6 | 87·5 | 74·1 | 8e–12 | 100·0 | 83·4 | 88·5 | 88·4 | 1e–0 |
| Weight management | 1014/1257 | 80·6 | 79·7 | 85·5 | 1e–0 | 82·8 | 78·7 | 1e–0 | 86·4 | 83·0 | 68·3 | 5e–06 | 100·0 | 76·1 | 81·4 | 85·9 | 2e–01 |
| Wellbeing/fitness | 1137/1333 | 85·2 | 84·8 | 87·7 | 1e–0 | 88·2 | 82·4 | 5e–01 | 87·5 | 85·7 | 81·6 | 1e–0 | 79·9 | 83·9 | 85·3 | 87·6 | 1e–0 |
| Longer lifetime | 1016/1286 | 79·0 | 78·2 | 83·4 | 1e–0 | 78·1 | 80·0 | 1e–0 | 80·3 | 81·2 | 71·9 | 7e–01 | 63·6 | 78·1 | 79·6 | 80·9 | 1e–0 |
| Healing of illness | 1048/1305 | 80·3 | 80·3 | 80·6 | 1e–0 | 84·1 | 76·5 | 1e–01 | 83·1 | 81·2 | 74·8 | 1e–0 | 79·9 | 79·1 | 81·4 | 80·4 | 1e–0 |
| Relief of discomfort | 1133/1307 | 86·7 | 86·6 | 87·0 | 1e–0 | 89·8 | 83·3 | 9e–02 | 90·6 | 87·0 | 80·7 | 3e–01 | 100·0 | 84·4 | 88·7 | 87·8 | 1e–0 |
| Meaningfulness of genotype-based dietary recommendation††,‡‡‡ | |||||||||||||||||
| By serious sport | 811/1296 | 62·6 | 61·9 | 66·5 | 1e–0 | 64·6 | 60·5 | 1e–0 | 67·6 | 62·3 | 57·3 | 1e–0 | 92·8 | 62·2 | 62·6 | 61·8 | 1e–0 |
| By food intolerance | 992/1308 | 75·8 | 75·6 | 77·0 | 1e–0 | 79·4 | 72·2 | 4e–01 | 71·2 | 79·4 | 73·0 | 1e–0 | 72·2 | 77·3 | 69·4 | 79·3 | 7e–01 |
| For wellbeing | 896/1323 | 67·7 | 66·3 | 75·2 | 1e–0 | 69·4 | 66·2 | 1e–0 | 64·2 | 67·8 | 72·1 | 1e–0 | 59·7 | 77·7 | 65·1 | 63·1 | 7e–03 |
| For maintaining health | 1022/1325 | 77·1 | 75·6 | 85·4 | 3e–01 | 80·9 | 73·0 | 2e–01 | 77·6 | 76·0 | 79·0 | 1e–0 | 65·6 | 85·3 | 73·9 | 73·7 | 2e–02 |
| By diabetes | 1031/1297 | 79·5 | 78·5 | 84·9 | 1e–0 | 80·9 | 78·0 | 1e–0 | 79·5 | 80·9 | 75·5 | 1e–0 | 85·8 | 80·0 | 76·8 | 81·3 | 1e–0 |
| By weight problems | 941/1319 | 71·3 | 69·9 | 79·6 | 8e–01 | 73·8 | 69·1 | 1e–0 | 74·7 | 70·4 | 69·7 | 1e–0 | 30·7 | 77·4 | 68·1 | 72·6 | 3e–02 |
| By cancer | 777/1266 | 61·4 | 61·0 | 63·8 | 1e–0 | 64·0 | 58·8 | 1e–0 | 54·8 | 64·0 | 63·3 | 1e–0 | 72·7 | 67·6 | 57·8 | 58·3 | 1e–0 |
| By high blood lipids | 959/1299 | 73·8 | 72·4 | 81·3 | 1e–0 | 79·4 | 68·2 | 9e–04 | 71·8 | 74·1 | 75·7 | 1e–0 | 48·5 | 74·9 | 71·3 | 75·7 | 1e–0 |
| By CVD | 943/1310 | 72·0 | 70·2 | 81·6 | 1e–01 | 77·5 | 66·0 | 8e–04 | 72·8 | 72·2 | 70·1 | 1e–0 | 37·4 | 73·6 | 69·7 | 73·1 | 1e–0 |
| Usage of genotype-based dietary recommendation‡‡,‡‡‡ | 414/1198 | 34·6 | 31·7 | 49·2 | 6e–04 | 38·6 | 30·2 | 4e–01 | 38·8 | 38·5 | 21·7 | 2e–04 | 18·2 | 32·1 | 29·7 | 39·8 | 1e–0 |
| Efficiency of genotype-based dietary recommendation§§,‡‡‡ | 631/1140 | 55·3 | 54·7 | 59·0 | 1e–0 | 60·1 | 50·4 | 3e–01 | 61·1 | 57·5 | 43·4 | 1e–02 | 33·3 | 58·4 | 51·5 | 62·3 | 1e–0 |
| Establishment of genotype-based dietary Recommendation‖‖,‡‡‡ | 398/1039 | 38·3 | 36·6 | 47·2 | 1e–0 | 43·0 | 33·9 | 6e–01 | 39·2 | 42·2 | 27·5 | 2e–01 | 37·8 | 42·6 | 36·8 | 41·0 | 1e–0 |
BMI, body mass index; P, P-value.
Data are statistically weighted by age, gender, education, domicile and BMI.
How satisfied are you with your body weight? Possible answers from 1 = very dissatisfied, 2, 3, 4 to 5 = very satisfied, no answer; shown is ‘4’ and ‘5’ as answer.
Have you ever tried to lose 3 kg of your body weight? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Do you know the term ‘personalised dietary recommendation’ as a counselling or nutritional tip? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Do you know the term ‘genotype-based dietary recommendation’ as a counselling or nutritional tip? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Do you think that personalised and genotype-based dietary recommendations are different kinds of nutritional recommendation? Possible answers: yes, no, do not know, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Have you already experienced personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Which effect would you expect of a genotype-based dietary recommendation on health? Possible answers from 1 = no expectation, 2 = (rather) minor expectation, 3 = (rather) high expectation; do not know, no answer; shown is ‘2’ and ‘3’ as answer.
In which of the following situation would you consider a genotype-based dietary recommendation as meaningful? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Could you generally conceive to make use of genotype-based dietary recommendation as a service? Possible answers: yes, no, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Do you believe genotype-based dietary recommendation to be an effective concept? Possible answers: yes, no, do not know, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Do you think genotype-based dietary recommendations will establish itself in the future? Possible answers: yes, no, do not know, no answer; shown is ‘yes’ as answer.
Persons with answers ‘no answer’ or ‘do not know’ are not included in statistical analysis. The number of those answers can be calculated by the difference between the total sample (n 1357) and the number of answers given for each variable.
Before the definition of a genotype-based dietary recommendation was given.
Screening question, which means that only persons who give certain answer to further item got this question.
After the definition of a genotype-based dietary recommendation was given.