1. iCCM components based on EPOC taxonomy (EPOC 2015).

EPOC category and subcategory	iCCM component	Input	Target	Bhandari 2012a	Boone 2016	Kalyango 2012a	Mubiru 2015	Munos 2016	White 2018	Yansaneh 2014
Who provides care and how the healthcare workforce is managed – Role expansion or task shifting – Recruitment and retention strategies for underserved areas	Training and deployment	Intervention to recruit, train and retain lay health workers to provide iCCM	Lay health workers	Y (d, m, p, nut, newb) children 0–59 months	Y (d, m, p) children 0–59 months	Y (m, p) children 4–59 months	Y (d, m, p) children 0–59 months	Y (d, m, p, nut) children 2–59 months	Y (d, m, p, nut) children "under‐five"	Y (d, m, p) children "under‐five"
		Interventions to recruit, train and retain other types of health workers to provide integrated case management services for children < 5 years of age (iCCM/IMCI/IMNCI)	Doctors	Y (IMNCI)	None reported	Y (iCCM)	None reported	Y (IMCI)	None reported	None reported
			Nurses/midwives	Y (IMNCI)	None reported	Y (iCCM)	None reported	Y (IMCI)	None reported	None reported
Interventions targeted at health workers – Clinical practice guidelines		Implementation of simplified IMCI‐adapted clinical guidelines for iCCM providers	iCCM providers	Y (d, m, p, nut, newb) children 0–59 months	Y (d, m, p) children 0–59 months	Y (m, p) children 4–59 months	Y (d, m, p) children 0–59 months	Y (d, m, p, nut) children 2–59 months	Y (d, m, p, nut) children "under‐five"	Y (d, m, p) children 0–59 months
Mechanisms for the payment of health services – Payment methods for health workers		Interventions for the payment of iCCM providers such as salary, fees for service, capitation	iCCM providers	Y	None reported	None reported	N*	Y	Y	N*
Co‐ordination of care and management of care processes – Referral systems	Systems component	Interventions to improve systems for referral of patients between community and facility level	Health system	N	Y	Y (intervention and control arms)	Y	Y	Y	Y
– Procurement and distribution of supplies		Interventions to improve the supply of iCCM drugs and equipment	Health system	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Information and communication technology – Health information systems		Interventions to improve health information systems and use of information communication technology for iCCM	Health system	None reported	None reported	None reported	None reported	None reported	Y	None reported
– The use of information and communication technology		Interventions to improve health information systems and use of information communication technology for iCCM	Health system	None reported	None reported	None reported	None reported	None reported	Y	None reported
Interventions targeted at health workers – Monitoring the performance of the delivery of health care		Interventions to improve monitoring, evaluation and research for iCCM	iCCM providers, supervisors, managers, policy makers	None reported	None reported	None reported	Y	None reported	Y	Y
– Managerial supervision		Interventions to improve managerial supervision of iCCM	Supervisors, managers	Y	Y	Y (intervention and control arms)	Y	Y	Y	Y
Authority and accountability for health policies – Community mobilisation	Communication and community mobilisation	Interventions to promote good practices for health and nutrition and generate demand for use of iCCM providers when children are ill	Communities and caregivers	Y	Y	None reported	Y	Y	Y	Y
iCCM components based on EPOC taxonomy EPOC 2015 Y = information reported sufficient to indicate yes. N = information reported sufficient to indicate no. N*= information reported sufficient to indicate no, however other types of incentives provided (see Additional Table 2b for details). None reported = Information reported not sufficient to indicate yes or no. d = diarrhoea; m = malaria; p = pneumonia; nut = malnutrition; newb = newborn infection.

EPOC: Effective Practice and Organisation of Care; iCCM: integrated community case management; IMCI: integrated management of childhood illness; IMNCI: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness.