Table 3.
Comparison of Golden’s Stroop test and Emotion Stroop test among groups at baseline level
| ADHD (n = 30) | ADHD+DICCD (n = 26) | DICCD (n = 22) | HC (n = 20) | F/H | p | η2 | Post Hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Golden’s Stroop IG | ||||||||
| Errors of Stroop | 5.5 ± 3.8 | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 15.93 | < 0.001 | 0.337 | 1 > 2, 3, 4 |
| Time of Stroop (s) | 180.0 ± 44.4 | 157.6 ± 44.9 | 147.7 ± 48.2 | 143.7 ± 39.0 | 3.505 | 0.018 | 0.101 | 1 > 4 |
| Emotional Stroop Mean RT (ms) | ||||||||
| POS-C | 808.4 ± 196.5 | 781.4 ± 146.4 | 796.9 ± 82.3 | 672.7 ± 147.7 | 3.582 | 0.017 | 0.103 | 1 > 4 |
| POS-I | 840.0 ± 243.0 | 816.7 ± 190.8 | 871.8 ± 110.0 | 684.3 ± 189.2 | 3.771 | < 0.013 | 0.103 | 1, 3 > 4 |
| NEG-C | 805.6 ± 209.8 | 769.8 ± 163.6 | 817.2 ± 90.9 | 656.0 ± 149.0 | 4.279 | < 0.007 | 0.197 | 1, 3 > 4 |
| NEG-I | 864.6 ± 241.8 | 899.6 ± 223.9 | 934.7 ± 125.1 | 729.9 ± 218.2 | 3.765 | < 0.013 | 0.120 | 2, 3 > 4 |
| NEU | 813.9 ± 206.7 | 791.7 ± 162.6 | 815.0 ± 94.7 | 675.3 ± 155.4 | 3.495 | < 0.019 | 0.100 | 1, 3 > 4 |
Note: Golden’s Stroop IG, interference score of Golden’s Stroop test; Emotional Stroop MRT, mean reaction time of Emotional Stroop test; POS-C Positive word-color congruence, POS-I Positive word-color incongruence, NEG-C Negative word-color congruence; (C), NEG-I Negative word-color incongruence, NEU Neutral word; a, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; b, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder with comorbid disruptive behavior disorder; c, disruptive behavior disorder; d, healthy controls