Table 1.
Bivariate analysis of characteristics of participants in the 35- to 44-year-old group in relation to their periodontal status
| Variable | Overall | Degree of periodontitis | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAL ≤ 3 mm | CAL = 4–5 mm | CAL ≥ 6 mm | |||
| Total, n (%) | 4407 (100.0) | 2944 (66.8) | 1124 (25.5) | 339 (7.7) | |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | |||||
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Female† | 2212 (50.2) | 1602 (54.4) | 505 (44.9) | 105 (31.0) | |
| Male | 2195 (49.8) | 1342 (45.6) | 619 (55.1) | 234 (69.0) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Area, n (%) | 0.001 | ||||
| Urban† | 2089 (47.4) | 1454 (49.4) | 492 (43.8) | 143 (42.2) | |
| Rural | 2318 (52.6) | 1490 (50.6) | 632 (56.2) | 196 (57.8) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Educational level, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ 9 years† | 3131 (71.0) | 1983 (67.4) | 878 (78.1) | 270 (79.6) | |
| > 9 years | 1276 (29.0) | 961 (32.6) | 246 (21.9) | 69 (20.4) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Household income per capita, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| .Less than RMB 5000/person† | 924 (21.0) | 551 (18.7) | 276 (24.6) | 97 (28.6) | |
| RMB 5000 to RMB 15,000/person | 1357 (30.8) | 912 (31.0) | 336 (29.9) | 109 (32.2) | |
| More than RMB 15,000/person | 1391 (31.6) | 982 (33.4) | 319 (28.4) | 90 (26.5) | |
| Prefer not to answer c | 735 (16.7) | 499 (16.9) | 193 (17.2) | 43 (12.7) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Oral health-related behaviours | |||||
| Toothbrushing frequency, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < Once per day† | 4110 (93.3) | 2808 (95.4) | 1009 (89.8) | 293 (86.4) | |
| ≥ Once per day | 297 (6.7) | 136 (4.6) | 115 (10.2) | 46 (13.6) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Use of dental floss, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No† | 4176 (94.8) | 2761 (93.8) | 1087 (96.7) | 328 (96.8) | |
| Yes | 230 (5.2) | 183 (6.2) | 36 (3.2) | 11 (3.2) | |
| Missing values | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Use of a toothpick, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No† | 2395 (54.3) | 1679 (57.0) | 567 (50.4) | 149 (44.0) | |
| Yes | 2012 (45.7) | 1265 (43.0) | 557 (49.6) | 190 (56.0) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Frequency of dessert consumption, n (%) | 0.733 | ||||
| < Twice a day† | 1005 (22.8) | 681 (23.1) | 247 (22.0) | 77 (22.7) | |
| ≥ Twice a day | 3402 (77.2) | 2263 (76.9) | 877 (78.0) | 262 (77.3) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never† | 1456 (33.0) | 862 (29.3) | 435 (38.7) | 159 (46.9) | |
| Current (former) | 2951 (67.0) | 2082 (70.7) | 689 (61.3) | 180 (53.1) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.039 | ||||
| Ceased† | 206 (4.7) | 128 (4.3) | 59 (5.2) | 19 (5.6) | |
| Rarely/never | 373 (8.5) | 230 (7.8) | 106 (9.4) | 37 (10.9) | |
| Daily | 3710 (84.2) | 2515 (85.4) | 927 (82.5) | 268 (79.1) | |
| Weekly | 115 (2.6) | 68 (2.3) | 32 (2.8) | 15 (4.4) | |
| Missing values b | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Systemic diseases associated with periodontitis | |||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No† | 4319 (98.0) | 2900 (98.5) | 1099 (97.8) | 320 (94.4) | |
| Yes | 88 (2.0) | 44 (1.5) | 25 (2.2) | 19 (5.6) | |
| Missing values | |||||
| Caries type, n (%; 95% CI) | |||||
| Type A | 2442 (55.4; 53.9–56.9) | 1590 (54.0; 52.2–55.8) | 652 (58.0; 55.1–60.9) | 200 (59.0; 53.6–64.3) | 0.028 |
| Type B | 1043 (23.7; 22.4–25.0) | 560 (19.0; 17.6–20.5) | 331 (29.4; 27.8–32.2) | 152 (44.8; 39.5–50.3) | < 0.001 |
| Type C | 127 (2.9; 2.4–3.4) | 62 (2.1; 1.6–2.7) | 40 (3.6; 2.6–4.8) | 25 (7.4; 4.8–10.7) | < 0.001 |
| Type ABC | 2761 (62.7; 61.2–64.1) | 1763 (59.9; 58.1–61.7) | 744 (66.2; 63.3–69.0) | 254 (74.9; 70.0–79.5) | < 0.001 |
Covariates with P ≤ 0.25 were included in the ordered logistic regression
95% CI, 95% Confidence intervals
aChi-square test
b,cStatistical analyses did not include missing values and individuals who preferred not to answer
†Reference