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. 2020 Oct 19;2020(10):CD012859. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012859.pub2

Naghibi 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods Study design: randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: 2 groups, monoprophylaxis
Participants Baseline characteristics
Metoclopramide (group G3)

  • Assessed for eligibility (n): ‐

  • Enrolled (n): ‐

  • Randomized (n): 26

  • Received treatment (n): NA

  • Analysed (n): 26

  • Age (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): 42.3 ± 6.7

  • Weight (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): 70 ± 13

  • BMI (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): NA

  • ASA I/II/III/IV (n): 20/6/0/0

  • Gender (female in %): 65.38

  • Non‐smoker (%): NA

  • History of PONV/motion sickness (%): 0

  • Type of general anaesthesia: inhalational anaesthesia (isoflurane, N₂O)

  • Duration of anaesthesia or surgery (in min; as mean or median): 106

  • Use of perioperative opioids (if yes, which?): 2 µg/kg fentanyl, 0.15 mg/kg morphine at induction, 12 mg morphine six hours postoperatively, 18 mg morphine 24 hours postoperatively

  • Type of surgery: lower abdominal surgery


Placebo (group G4)

  • Assessed for eligibility (n): ‐

  • Enrolled (n): ‐

  • Randomized (n): 26

  • Received treatment (n): NA

  • Analysed (n): 26

  • Age (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): 47.4 ± 5.3

  • Weight (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): 64 ± 6.2

  • BMI (mean ± SD, median (IQR), median (range)): NA

  • ASA I/II/III/IV (n): 22/4/0/0

  • Gender (female in %): 61.54

  • Non‐smoker (%): NA

  • History of PONV/motion sickness (%): 0

  • Type of general anaesthesia: inhalational anaesthesia (isoflurane, N₂O)

  • Duration of anaesthesia or surgery (in min; as mean or median): 98

  • Use of perioperative opioids (if yes, which?): 2 µg/kg fentanyl, 0.15 mg/kg morphine at induction, 9.6 mg morphine 6 hours postoperatively, 14.5 mg morphine 24 hours postoperatively

  • Type of surgery: lower abdominal surgery


Included criteria: ASA I and II, 18 to 65 years of age, were scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia
Excluded criteria: risk factor of PONV or prior history of motion sickness or PONV and administration of an antiemetic before surgery; history of drug or alcohol abuse; body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²; any unpredictable condition in surgery or any complication such as severe hypotension (whenever systolic blood pressure (SBP) was < 70% of baseline); bleeding more than 10% of total blood volume
Pretreatment: baseline characteristics (age, weight, ASA): no. Potential effect modifiers (gender, duration of anaesthesia, history of PONV/motion sickness, perioperative opioids): no; (non‐smoker): unclear
Interventions Intervention characteristics
Metoclopramide (group G3)

  • Dose: 10 mg

  • Time point of administration: 15 minutes before end of surgery

  • Route of administration: IV

  • Rescue antiemetics (if yes, which?): metoclopramide 0.15 mg/kg IV


Placebo (group G4)

  • Dose: saline

  • Time point of administration: 15 minutes before end of surgery

  • Route of administration: IV

  • Rescue antiemetics (if yes, which?): metoclopramide 0.15 mg/kg IV
Outcomes Vomiting (0 to 24 hours)

  • Outcome type: dichotomous outcome


Nausea (0 to 24 hours)

  • Outcome type: dichotomous outcome


Headache (0 to 24 hours)

  • Outcome type: dichotomous outcome


Sedation/drowsiness (0 to 24 hours)

  • Outcome type: dichotomous outcome


Adverse events (general notes in the publication, 24 hours' observation)

  • Outcome type: general notes on side effects
Identification Sponsorship source: study authors have no funding or support to report
Country: Iran
Setting: inpatient, single‐centre
Author's name: Azarnoush Hamed
Institution: Department of Anesthesiology, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Email: hamedmds@yahoo.com
Address: NA
Duration of study: in 2009
Language: English
Study's primary outcome: nausea, VAS scoring
Trial registry number: NA
Notes Two out of 4 groups relevant
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "patients were randomly allocated into one of four groups (Propofol 20 mg (G1), Propofol 30 mg (G2), Metoclopramide 10 mg (G3), or isotonic saline as a placebo (G4)) using sealed envelopes, with 26 patients in each group"
Judgement comment: no further information on sequence generation provided (shuffling envelopes?)
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Judgement comment: not stated; "sequentially numbered, opaque, and sealed envelopes" (SNOSE)
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes Low risk Quote: "the injected drugs were prepared in identical syringes by a researcher not otherwise involved in this study"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes Low risk Quote: "...recorded. These variables were assessed by the investigators unaware of the group identities and subdivided into three time periods, 0‑6 h, 6‑12 h, and 12‑24 h, postoperatively"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Low risk Judgement comment: no missing outcome data
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Judgement comment: no reference to a study protocol or trial registry number reported
Other bias Unclear risk Quote: "the four groups of patients were comparable with respect to sex, mean age, weight, height, male to female ratio, ASA physical status, and duration of surgery and also recovery time [Table 1]"
Judgement comment: baseline characteristics (age, weight, ASA): no. Potential effect modifiers (gender, duration of anaesthesia, history of PONV/motion sickness, perioperative opioids): no; (non‐smoker): unclear