Kriner 1985.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Method of randomisation: not stated Exclusions post randomisation: not stated Losses to follow‐up: not stated
Participants	Country: Germany Setting: hospital Number: 50 patients Age: 'adults' Gender: not stated Inclusion criteria: disturbances of venous blood flow, oedema Exclusion criteria: not stated
Interventions	Treatment: ruscus extract 75 mg and hesperidin 75 mg 2 × 2 capsules per day. rutoside cream once per day Control: placebo Duration: 28 days Follow‐up: 28 days
Outcomes	Primary Oedema ‐ circumference of foot, heel and calf Symptoms ‐ fatigue, tension, heaviness, cramps, burning, itching Secondary Not stated
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "The two groups were balanced and comparable with respect to age, weight, and type and duration of disturbances" Comment: no method of randomisation described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no method of allocation concealment described
Blinding (patients)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Blinding (study researchers)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Blinding (outcome assessment)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Incomplete outcome data	Unclear risk	Comment: number in each group described, but important characteristics lacking. In addition, number of participants who dropped out prematurely or were excluded after randomisation not described
Selective reporting	Low risk	Comment: no published protocol identified, and no differences between outcomes reported in the methods section and those reported in the results section
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: none detected