Nocker 1990.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Method of randomisation: not stated Exclusions post randomisation: not stated Losses to follow‐up: not stated
Participants	Country: Germany Setting: university Number: 30 Age: 55 to 59 years Gender: menopausal females Inclusion criteria: stage II CVI with symptoms Exclusion criteria: venoactive drugs, anti‐inflammatories, corticosteroids or diuretics in the last 8 days before the start of the study; use of compression bandages or elastic stockings
Interventions	Treatment: oxirutoside 600 mg or 900 mg or 1200 mg or 1500 mg per day Control: placebo Duration: 90 days Follow‐up: 112 days
Outcomes	Primary Symptoms ‐ tired and heavy legs, tenseness, tingling measured by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS) Signs ‐ oedema by volume of leg Secondary Side effects
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Patients were randomized to one of the five groups, receiving oral solutions of HR in small bottles containing 600, 900, 1200, 1500 mg HR or simply distilled water (controls) with six patients in each group" Comment: no methods described for randomising participants
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no methods for allocation concealment described
Blinding (patients)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Blinding (study researchers)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Blinding (outcome assessment)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information given about methods used for blinding
Incomplete outcome data	Unclear risk	Comment: no data given about drop‐outs. Most important characteristics described with inclusion and exclusion criteria
Selective reporting	Low risk	Comment: no protocol identified, but no differences between outcomes reported in the methods section and those reported in the results section
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: none detected