Table 3.
Mean cytokine and chemokine levels measured as picogram per milligram total protein ± standard error of the mean for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control groups. Abbreviations: MCP‐1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1; IL = interleukin; TNF‐α = tumor necrosis factor‐α; IFN‐γ = interferon‐γ; G‐CSF = granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor; GM‐CSF = granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor; MIP‐1β = monocyte inhibitory protein‐1β.
| Inflammatory mediator | AD | Control |
|---|---|---|
| G‐CSF | 69.5 ± 21.0 | 7.4 ± 2.5 |
| GM‐CSF | 50.0 ± 17.0 | 13.0 ± 4.0 |
| IL‐1β | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 |
| IL‐2 | 17.0 ± 11.0 | 1.2 ± 0.5 |
| IL‐4 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| IL‐5 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.30 ± 0.03 |
| IL‐6 | 59.0 ± 18.0* | 8.3 ± 1.7 |
| IL‐7 | 80.0 ± 45.0 | 22.5 ± 7.0 |
| IL‐8 | 46.0 ± 9.0* | 10.0 ± 2.0 |
| IL‐10 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 0.24 ± 0.20 |
| IL‐12 | 29.0 ± 11.0 | 6.0 ± 4.0 |
| IL‐13 | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 0.4 |
| IL‐17 | — | — |
| IFN‐γ | — | — |
| MCP‐1 | 86.0 ± 15.0* | 15.0 ± 1.0 |
| MIP‐1β | 57.0 ± 12.0 | 26 ± 3.5 |
| TNF‐α | 38.0 ± 15.0 | 14.0 ± 4.0 |
*
P < 0.0029.