Cho 1997.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: cross‐over RCT Time frame: not reported Duration of study/follow‐up: 12 weeks (2‐week baseline included, and 2‐week washout in between
Participants	Setting: single centre (inpatients) Country: Taiwan Inclusion criteria: patients with moderate to severe pruritus on HD (Kt/V > 1.0) Number: treatment group (12); control group (10) Mean age ± SD: 62 ± 4 years Sex M/F: 14/8 Relevant comorbidities: not reported Exclusion criteria: dermatitis; obstructive biliary disease; DM, or malignancy
Interventions	Treatment group Capsaicin cream (topical): 0.025%, 4 times/day for 4 weeks Control group Placebo cream: 4 times/day for 4 weeks
Outcomes	4‐point pruritus severity scale
Notes	No declared source of funding Correspondence: Der‐Cherng Tarng, MD, Division of Nephrology, Veterans General Hospital‐Taipei, No 201, Sec 2 Shih‐Pai Road, Taipei. 11217, Taiwan
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	QUOTE: "Treatment order was arranged from computer generated numbers"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	QUOTE: "by a coauthor who did not participate in observations"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	QUOTE: "Double blinded" and "were unknown by the observers and patients"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double blind, patients made self‐evaluations, base creams ""were unknown by the observers and patients"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All enrolled patients completed the trial and were analysed.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Baseline and post interventions results fully reported Intervention level data report with patient level graphical comparison comparisons provided. Correlation may inflate standard error. Carry‐over effects unlikely due to washout periods.
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of publication, funding, or other confounding bias