Summary of findings 6. Specialist breastfeeding education compared to usual care for preventing mastitis after childbirth.
| Specialist breastfeeding education compared to usual care for preventing mastitis after childbirth | ||||||
| Patient or population: postpartum breastfeeding women Setting: obstetric outpatient clinic Intervention: specialist breastfeeding education Comparison: usual care | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with usual care | Risk with specialist breastfeeding education | |||||
| Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum | Study population | RR 0.93 (0.17 to 4.95) | 203 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | This outcome was measured at 30 days postpartum | |
| 30 per 1000 | 28 per 1000 (5 to 150) | |||||
| Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum | Not reported | |||||
| Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum | Not reported | |||||
| Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum | Not reported | |||||
| Duration of any breastfeeding | Not reported | |||||
| Breast pain (sore nipples) | Study population | RR 0.93 (0.36 to 2.37) | 203 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | ||
| 91 per 1000 | 85 per 1000 (33 to 215) | |||||
| Number of women with adverse events | Not reported | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; OR: Odds ratio; | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1 Downgraded two levels due to imprecision: single small trial with wide 95% CIs, indicating that the true effect may be either appreciable benefit or harm