Analysis of the relation of RNA binding with the purified recombinant proteins. RNA-binding analysis of the purified recombinant proteins using (A) Alexa488-dsRNA28/16, (B) Alexa488-ssRNA28, and (C) FAM-RNA14. The RNA-binding analysis was performed at various protein concentrations. Alexa Fluor 488 and FAM are indicated by black and gray stars, respectively. All enzymatic assays were performed in triplicate, and the data are means and SD. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s posttest for RNA-binding affinity between mutants and nsP2 (vehicle control). *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant.