Effect of SPP inhibition on the RNF2 protein, H2Aub, and HOXB9 mRNA levels. HCV-infected cells were treated with 0, 1, or 10 μM LY-411575 and were then fixed or harvested at 72 h after treatment. (A) The core protein and NS5A were evaluated by immunostaining. (B) Cell lysates prepared from the harvested cells were subjected to Western blotting. (C) HOXB9 and GAPDH mRNA levels and supernatant and cellular HCV RNA levels were estimated by RT-qPCR. The data shown in this figure are representative of three independent experiments and are presented as the mean ± SD values (n = 3). **, P < 0.01; ND, not detected.