Fig. 4.

Effects of SFN on proteins released by S-protein stimulated IB3-1 cells. (A) Effects of the stimulation of IB3-1 cells with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein on the release of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors by IB3-1 cells. A panel of 27 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors was analyzed in IB3-1 infected cells 24 h after the exposure to the S-protein. Secreted proteins exceeding the concentration of 1 pg/ml in the extracellular medium are reported in the histograms. Data are reported as Fold Change (FC, S-protein infected IB3-1 cells versus control untreated cells). (B-N) Effects of SFN on the inflammation-associated proteins released by S-protein exposed IB3-1 cells. Results represent the average ± SEM of four (A) or three (B-N) independent experiments.