Pan 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Recruitment period: June 2008 to April 2010 Outcomes: overall survival, SREs, disease progression, pain response, adverse events Pain assessment tool: 10‐centimeter VAS Randomization: intervention vs control
Participants	Eligibility criteria: men with histologically confirmed castration‐resistant prostate cancer (defined by 3 sequential rises in serum PSA level with castrate levels of serum testosterone (50 ng/dL) or increase in cancer‐related pain or new metastatic lesions on hormonal therapy, or a combination of these) age > 18 years ECOG performance status ≤ 2 life expectancy > 3 months evidence of bone metastases by 2 radiographic methods Exclusion criteria: previous use of bisphosphonates within 1 year prior to study enrollment previous chemotherapy radiation therapy or surgery to metastatic bone lesions within 1 month at time of study enrollment brain metastasis psychological symptoms significant renal, hepatic, or non‐malignant‐related disease Participants randomized: 105 randomized, 53 intervention, 52 control Mean age: intervention: < 71 years: 34%, > 71 years: 66% control: < 71 years: 38.5%, > 71 years: 61.5% Country of participants: China
Interventions	Previous interventions: not reported Interventions during study period: intervention: zoledronic acid 4 mg IV every 3 weeks, 75 mg/m2 docetaxel IV on day 1 of a 21‐day cycle, prednisone 10 mg daily, supplemental calcium 500 mg orally daily, supplemental vitamin D 400 IU orally daily control: saline (placebo) IV every 3 weeks, 75 mg/m2 docetaxel IV on day 1 of a 21‐day cycle, prednisone 10 mg daily, supplemental calcium 500 mg orally daily, supplemental vitamin D 400 IU orally daily
Outcomes	Reported and analyzed in this review: overall survival SREs pain response adverse events
Funding sources	Funding sources: Wenzhou science bureau project
Declarations of interest	Conflicts of interest: none of the authors had a conflict of interest
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient report on sequence generation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information on allocation concealment
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Blinding of participants	Unclear risk	Placebo‐controlled trial, no further information on blinding
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Blinding of personnel	Unclear risk	No information on blinding of participants and personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Outcomes subjective to participants	Unclear risk	No information on blinding of participants and personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Outcomes subjective to outcome assessors	Unclear risk	Insufficient reporting on blinding of outcome assessor
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes	Low risk	No known reason for bias
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Time‐to‐event data	Low risk	"All patients were evaluated for the efficacy and safety every one treatment cycle until death or severe toxicity"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Patient‐reported outcomes (other than safety data)	Low risk	No participants lost to follow‐up. All participants were included in the ITT analysis.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Safety data	Low risk	"All patients were evaluated for the efficacy and safety every one treatment cycle until death or severe toxicity"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Other outcomes	Unclear risk	No participants lost to follow‐up. All participants were included in the ITT analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No study protocol available.
Other bias	Low risk	None identified