Hauer 2001.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	Setting: Germany N = 57 Sample: women recruited at the end of ward rehabilitation in a geriatric hospital Age (years): mean 82 (SD 4.8), range 75 to 90 Inclusion criteria: ≥ 75 years; fall(s) as reason for admission to hospital or recent history of injurious fall leading to medical treatment; residing within study community Exclusion criteria: acute neurological impairment; severe cardiovascular disease; unstable chronic or terminal illness; major depression; severe cognitive impairment; musculoskeletal impairment preventing participation in training regimen; falls known to be due to a single, identifiable disease, e.g. stroke or hypoglycaemia
Interventions	1. Exercise: group lower‐extremity progressive resistance training and progressive functional balance training, 90 min, 3 x per wk, for 12 wks 2. Control: "motor placebo", i.e. flexibility, calisthenics, ball games, and memory tasks while seated, 60 min, 3 x per wk, for 12 wks Both groups also received identical physiotherapy (25 min, 2 x per wk)
Outcomes	1. Number of people falling
Duration of the study	6 months after intervention
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stratified randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Control group received "placebo activities" and both groups received identical physiotherapy sessions
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Falls and fallers	Low risk	Falls reported by participants but control group received "placebo activities". Assessor was blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Fallers	Low risk	SeeAppendix 3 for method of assessment
Risk of bias in recall of falls	Low risk	Prospective. Daily diaries collected every 2 weeks.