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. 2021 Apr 20;12:654569. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.654569

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Copyright © 2021 López-Márquez, Carrasco-López, Fernández-Méndez and Santisteban

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Thyroid transcription factor crosstalk. Relationship between the four thyroid transcription factors and the thyroid differentiation genes, including the interaction with the novel transcription factors involved in thyroid differentiation. Nkx2-1 is regulated by Taz and Hoxb3 and promotes the expression of the other three TTFs. Pax8 regulates the expression of Hhex and Foxe1 and is positively regulated both by TSH and Taz. It is also negatively regulated by TGFβ. Foxe1 is positively regulated by TSH and IGF1. All four TTFs promote the expression of the thyroid differentiation genes Nis (Slc5a5), Tg and Tpo. The effect of Sox9 and Eya1 remains to be fully elucidated. Pointed arrows denote activation while flat arrows indicate inhibition.