Table 2.
Insecticidal activity.
| Country | Part | Extraction | Main compound | Application | Insect | Activity | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | NS | NS | NS | Contact (contaminated surface: filter paper and grain) | Sitophilus zeamais (Maize weevil) (Coleoptera) | Adulticide (filter paper: LC50=0.6μL/cm2, LC95=1.38μL/cm2; grain: LC50=0.64μL/g, LC95=12.74μL/g) | [59] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Aerial parts | SD | Dillapiole (73.97%), safrole (3.92%), sarisan (2.84%) | Fumigation; Contact; Topical | Sitophilus zeamais (Maize weevil) (Coleoptera) | Adulticide (fumigation: LC50=0.56μL/g; contact: LC50=2.87μL/cm2; topical: LD50=0.03μL/g of insect) | [104] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Aerial parts | SD | Dillapiole (69.3, 79.9 and 85.4%) | Topical | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) (Hemipteran) | Nymphicide (dillapiole 69.3%=95.71% mortality; 79.9%=97.14%; 85.4%=98.57%) | [106] |
| Residual contact | Adulticide (69.3%=46.25%; 79.9%=88.75%; 85.4%=96.25%) | ||||||
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Aerial parts | SD | Dillapiole, safrole, sarisan | Topical; Contact (contaminated surface) | Cerotoma tingomarianus (Coleoptera) | Adulticide (topical: LD50=0.002 mL/mg of insect; contact: LC50=0.06 mL/cm2) | [26] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | HD | NS | Fumigation; | Callosobruchus maculatus (Cowpea weevil) (Coleoptera) | Adulticide (LC50=169.50μL/L air); Repellence to oviposition (0.5 mL/kg reduced 66.06%) | [72] |
| Repellent | Ovicide (68.63% at 0.5 mL/kg); Repellence (attraction reduced±5%) | ||||||
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | HD | Dillapiole (73.97%) | Topical; Contact (contaminated surface) | Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm) (Coleoptera) | Larvicide (topical: LD50=0.009μL/mg of insect; contact: LC50=0.033μL/cm2) | [27] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole (71.9%) | Topical and residual contact | Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (topical: LD50=1.07μL/mg of insect; residual: LC50=1169.70ppm) | [30] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole (71.9%) | Topical and residual contact | Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (topical: LD50=0.012μL/mg of insect; residual: LD50=0.00011μL/cm2) | [29] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole (71.9%) | Topical and residual contact | Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (topical: LD50=0.00011μL/insect; residual: LC50=1169.7ppm) | [28] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole (71.9%) | Topical and residual contact | Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (topical: LD50=0.00011μL/mg of insect; residual: LC50=0.012μL/cm2) | [31] |
| Brazil, Acre (Embrapa Acre) | NS | NS | Dillapiole (73.97%), safrole (3.92%), sarisan (2.84%) | Contact | Callosobruchus maculatus (Cowpea weevil) (Coleoptera) | Adulticide (100%=50μL/20g) | [77] |
| Ovicide (>90%=50μL/20g); Blocking egg-hatching (>90%=50μL/20g) | |||||||
| Brazil, Amazonas | Leaves | HD | *Dillapiole | Contact (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=200μg/mL) | [79] |
| Pupaecide (LC50=200μg/mL) | |||||||
| Brazil, Amazonas (INPA) | Leaves | HD | *Dillapiole | Contact | Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (Diptera) | Larvicide (400μg/mL=70%, 2000μg/mL=100%) | [1] |
| Brazil, Amazonas | Leaves | HD | Dillapiole (52.37%), γ-terpinene (8.98%) | Contact | Cerataphis lataniae (Palm aphid) (Hemiptera) | Adulticide (LC50=219.4μg/mL, LC90=864.8μg/mL; loaded nanoparticles 500μg/mL=90%) | [94] |
| Contact (gelatine nanoparticles) | |||||||
| Brazil, Amazonas | Leaves | HD | Dillapiole (52.37%), γ-terpinene (8.98%) | Contact; Contact (gelatine nanoparticles) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=68.2μg/mL, LC90=125.3μg/mL; loaded nanoparticles 500μg/mL=100%) | [94] |
| Brazil, Amazonas | Leaves | SD | *Dillapiole | Contact | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Adulticide (LC50=0.381μL/cm2, LC90=0.575μL/cm2) | [96] |
| Brazil, Mato Groso | Leaves | HD | Myristicin (30.03%), aromadendrene (9.20%), dillapiole (8.43%), α-serinene (7.31%), tridecane (6.26%), γ-elemene (4.58%), o-cymene (4.20%) | Topical | Euschistus heros (Brown stink bug) (Hemiptera) | Adulticide (LD50=36.23mg; LD90=50.42mg) | [19] |
| Brazil, Mato Groso | Leaves | HD | Myristicin, isomyristicin, asaricim, dillapiole, isocroweacin | Ingestion; Topical | Helicoverpa armigera (Cotton bollworm) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (ingestion: 1st instar LT50=<14.20days, 3rd LT50=<16.89; topical: 1st LT50=<14.68, 3rd LT50=<10.73) | [88] |
| Brazil, Mato Groso | Leaves | HD | Myristicin (30.03%), aromadendrene (9.20%), dillapiole (8.43%), α-serine (7.31%), tridecane (6.26%), γ-elemene (4.58), o-cymene (4.20%) | Contact and Immersion (eggs); Topical | Euschistus heros (Brown stink bug) (Hemiptera) | Ovicide (Immersion: LC50=15.64mg/mL; Contact: LC50=24.29mg/mL) | [103] |
| Nymphicide (LD50=11.37mg/mL; LD90=38.95mg/mL) | |||||||
| Adulticide (>20mg/mL: LT50=<6 days) | |||||||
| Brazil, Mato Groso | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole, z-carpacin, myristicin | Topical | Tibraca limbativentris (Stink bug) (Hemiptera) | Ovicide (LC50=2.499%) | [49] |
| Brazil, Mato Groso | Leaves | SD | Dillapiole, myristicin, z-carpacin | Topical; Ingestion | Chrysodeixis includens (Soybean looper) (Lepidoptera) | Larvicide (at 24h: ingestion: LC50=3.5%, LC90=6.2%; topical: LC50=16.2% LC90=30.0%) | [86] |
| Brazil, Minas Gerais | Leaves | HD | 1,8-cineole (53.9%), α-pinene (12.7%), β-pinene (8.5%), trans-ocimene (5.7%) | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (250ppm=40%, 500ppm=100%) | [70] |
| Brazil, Pará | Aerial parts | HD | Dillapiole (64. 4%) | Contact (contaminated surface) | Solenopsis saevissima (Fire ant) (Hymenoptera) | Adulticide (LC50= 58.4mg/L) | [99] |
| Brazil, Pará | Leaves | HD | Asaricine, myristicin, dillapiole, (E)-β-ocimene, piperitone | Spraying | Anticarsia gemmatalis (Velvetbean caterpillar) (Lepidoptera) | Ovicidal (LC50=1.9%, LC90=2.8%) | [50] |
| Brazil, Pará | NS | NS | Dillapiole (73.97%), safrole (3.92%), sarisan (2.84%) | Topical | Callosobruchus maculatus (Cowpea weevil) (Coleoptera) | Ovicide (100%=0.5 L/t); Block egg-hatching (100%=0.5l/t) | [76] |
| Brazil, Paraiba | Dried fruit | HD | β-pinene (32.7%), E-caryophyllene (17.1%) | Contact (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=30.2μg/mL) | [21] |
| Brazil, Rondonia | Leaves | HD | (E)-isocroweacin (29.52%) apiole (28.62%) elemicin (7.82%) | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=46ppm; LC90=156ppm; 100%=500ppm) | [87] |
| Colombia, Chocó | Leaves | HD | Dillapiole (48,2%), 1,8 cineole (11,4%) | Contact (contaminated surface) | Triblium castaneum (Red flour beetle) (Coleoptera) | Repellence (1μL/cm2= 99% for 2h) | [46] |
| Cuba, La Habana | Leaves | HD | Dillapiole (82.0%) | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=57mg/L; LC905=75mg/L) | [52] |
| Cuba, La Habana | NS | SD | NS | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=36.0mg/mL) | [60] |
| Adulticide (60mg/mL LT50=0.19h) | |||||||
| Cuba, La Habana | NS | SD | NS | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=35.3mg/mL) | [60] |
| Adulticide (30mg/mL LT50=0.15h) | |||||||
| Cuba, La Habana | NS | SD | NS | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=57.3mg/mL) | [60] |
| Adulticide (40mg/mL LT50=0.19h) | |||||||
| Cuba, La Habana | NS | SD | NS | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50=59.5mg/mL) | [60] |
| Adulticide (60mg/mLLT50= 0.17h) | |||||||
| Cuba, La Palma | NS | HD | NS | Topical | Musca domestica (Housefly) (Diptera) | Adulticide (LC50=0.04%; LC95=0.33%) | [53] |
| Ecuador, Pastaza, | Aerial parts | HD | Dillapiole (48.2%), trans-ocimene (7.5%), β-caryophyllene (17.0%) | Fumigation (dilution in water) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Larvicide (LC50= 23.73ppm; LC90= 35.51ppm; LC99= 49.31ppm) | [90] |
| Malaysia | NS | HD | (E)-β-ocimene, trans- caryophyllene, (z)-β- ocimene, β-pinene, α-pinene, germacrena-D, piperitone, γ-terpinene, limonene | Contact | Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) (Blattodea) | Adulticide (80,000ppm; females LC50=5.31h, LT90=14.9h, males LT50=2.08h, LT90=5.14h) | [54] |
| Nymphicide (80,000ppm, LT50=4.68h, LT90=28.71) | |||||||
| Malaysia, Selangor | Leaves | HD *** | apiole (38.01%), methyl isobutyl ketone (8.26%), piperitone (3.34%), caryophyllene (2.45%) | Topical (on human body) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Repellence to human bodies (>65% at 4h post-application) | [58] |
| Malaysia, Selangor | Leaves | HD | NS | Spraying | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Adulticide (LC50=5.6%; LC90=12.3%) | [63] |
| Malaysia, Selangor | Leaves | HD | NS | Spraying | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Adulticide (LC50=5.5%; LC90=12.7%) | [63] |
| Malaysia, Selangor | Leaves | HD ** | NS | Topical (human body) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Repellence to human bodies (ED50=0.4%; ED905=1.7%) | [42] |
| Malaysia, Selangor | Leaves | HD | NS | Topical (human body) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Repellence to human bodies (60″ exposure: ED=1.5g/cm2) | [65] |
| Malaysia, Selangor | NS | HD | NS | Topical (human body) | Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito) (Diptera) | Repellence to human bodies (90″ exposure: ED50=1.95μg/cm2; ED90=18.1μg/cm2) | [64] |
| NS | NS | SD | *Dillapiole | Contact; Residual contact | Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) (Coleoptera) | Larvicide (0.1ppm=92%) | [55] |
*
Only the main compound was tested;
**
Ointment, cream and gel;
***
Dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate then formulated into Carbopol 934 hydrogels, Aerial parts: Leaves and Branches, HD: hydro-distillation, SD: steam-distillation, NS: not specified, EO: essential oil, LC50: lethal concentration for 50%, LC90: lethal concentration for 90%, LD50: lethal dose for 50%, LD90: lethal dose for 90%, LT50: lethal time for 50%, LT90: lethal time for 90%, ED50: effective dose for 50%, ED90: effective dose for 90%, ED95: effective dose for 95%.