Some of the high efficiency DSSCs with TiO₂ PEs combined with various sensitizers, as well as Co and Cu redox shuttle-based alternative electrolytes.

Photelectrode (PE)	Thickness (μm), TiO2a (nanocrystalline 20–40 nm), TiO2a (scattering 200–400 nm)	TiCl4 conc. (mM), pre-treatment, post-treatment	Dye	Electrolyte composition	PCEb (%)	Stability	Ref.
With Co electrolytes
TiO2	3.5	Not reported	SM315	0.25 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)2, 0.06 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)3, 0.1 M LiTFSI, and 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in acetonitrile	13.0 @ 1000 W m−2	500 h @ full sun @ 298 K ∼25 °C no significant loss detected	23
	3.5	Not reported	SM371		12.0 @ 1000 W m−2
TiO2	5	Not reported	YD2-o-C8/Y123	0.165 M CoII(bpy)3(B(CN)4)2, 0.045 M CoIII(bpy)3(B(CN)4)3, 0.8 M tert-butyl pyridine (TBP), 0.1 M LiClO4 in acetonitrile	12.3 @ 99.5 mW cm−2	DSSC (unknown number of cells) were soaked in full sunlight at 30 °C for a period of 220 h, which led to 10–15% decrease in the overall efficiency	21
	5	Not reported			13.1 @ 50.8 mW cm−2
					13 @ 9.4 mW cm−2
TiO2	3.5	60 (twice)	SM342:Y123	0.25 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)2, 0.06 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)3, 0.1 M LiTFSI, and 0.25 M or 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in acetonitrile	12.76 @ 100% sun	Not reported	30
	3.5	20 mM			12.34 @ 10% sun
TiO2	5	Not reported	Y123	0.2 M Co(bpy)3(B(CN4)2), 0.05 M Co(bpy)3(B(CN4)3), 0.1 M LiClO4, 0.2 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in acetonitrile	8.6 @ 100 mW cm−2	Not reported	73
	5	40			9.4 @ 50 mW cm−2
					8.7 @ 10 mW cm−2
With Cu electrolytes
TiO2	4	Not reported	XY1:L1	0.2 M Cu(tmby)2TFSI, 0.04 M Cu(tmby)2TFSI2, 0.1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, 0.6 M 4-tert-butylpyridine in acetonitrile	11.5 @ 100 mW cm−2	Not reported	5
	4	13			13.7 @ 10% sun
					34 @ 1000 lux
TiO2	4	40 (twice)	XY1 + 5T	0.2 M CuI(tmby)2(TFSI), 0.06 M CuII(tmby)(TFSI)2, 0.1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)2, 0.6 M tBP in anhyd acetonitrile	9.53 @ 100 mW cm−2	Not reported	78
	4	13			10.2 @ 10 mW cm−2
					29.2 @ 1000 lux
TiO2	3.5	40 (twice)	0.2 mM LEG4 in tert-butyl alcohol and acetonitrile	0.2 M Cu(dmp)2TFSI, 0.04 M Cu(dmp)2TFSI Cl, 0.1 M LiTFSI, 0.5 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) in acetonitrile	8.32 @ 96.515 mW cm−2	Not reported	51
	3.5	40			9.78 @ 50.791 mW cm−2
					9.74 @ 12.279 mW cm−2
TiO2	3	40	Y123	60.6 mg Cu(dmp)2TFSI, 13 mg Cu(dmp)2(TFSI)Cl, 12.6 mg LiTFSI 32 mg 4-tertbutylpyradine (4-TBP) in 0.4 ml of acetonitrile	7.0 @ full sun	Not reported	28
	Not reported	40			7.6 @ 50% sun
					7.5 @ 10% sun

^aParticle size of TiO₂ nano-particles.

^bChampion device efficiencies.