Table 2.

Associations of nutrition product category consumption frequency with more problematic gastrointestinal (GI) symptom frequency surrounding training and competition.

Product category	Symptom	Consumption timing	Symptom timing	Significant relationships*
Sports drink/thirst quencher	GI cramps/pain	Before training	During training	Always < All others
	Urge to defecate	Before training	During training	Always < Never, Rarely, & Sometimes
Sports drink/Energy drink	Diarrhea	Before training	2 h after training	Rarely > Never
Solid food	GI cramps/pain	Before training	During training	Often > Never
	GI cramps/pain	During training	During training	Always < All others†
	Urge to defecate	Before competition	2 h after competition	Sometimes > Never
	Defecation	Before competition	2 h after competition	All others > Never
Gel/gummy	GI cramps/pain	Before training	During training	Always < Sometimes†
	Urge to defecate	During training	During training	Sometimes > Never
	Urge to defecate	During training	2 h after training	Sometimes, Often, & Always > Never
	Defecation	During training	2 h after training	Sometimes, Often, & Always > Never
	Urge to defecate	During competition	During competition	Sometimes & Often > Never
Homemade product/something else	GI cramps/pains	Before training	2 h after training	Always > Never
	GI cramps/pains	During training	2 h after training	Rarely > Never
	GI cramps/pains	Before competition	During competition	Sometimes > Never
	Defecation	Before competition	During competition	Sometimes > Never
	GI cramps/pain	Before competition	2 h after competition	Sometimes > Never
	GI cramps/pain	During competition	2 h after competition	Rarely > Never

^*Relationships shown are product consumption frequencies based on Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn's procedure and Bonferroni correction comparing mean ranks. A < B means the mean rank of A was less than the mean rank of B. A > B means the mean rank of A was greater than mean rank of B. Details of relationships are shown in Supplementary Tables 2–9.

Highlights relationships in which more frequent intake was associated with less frequent symptom.