Pattern of hypoxia in IOMM‐Lee skull‐base xenografts. Immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody against carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) was performed to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of hypoxia in tissue sections of IOMM‐Lee xenografts on day 9 (A), day 12 (B), day 16 (C) and day 21 (D–F) post‐implantation. Similar to human meningiomas, CA9 expression was zonal and sometimes not associated with any visible necrosis (E). The brain interface had considerable hypoxia (B,C) compared with the skull interface. b, brain; *, necrosis.