Table A.2.
Risk-of-Bias Table for Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials
| Citation | Selection Bias | Performance Bias | Detection Bias | Attrition Bias: Incomplete Outcome Data | Reporting Bias: Selective Reporting | Overall Risk of Bias Assessment | ||||
| Random Sequence Generation | Allocation Concealment | Baseline Differences Between Intervention Groups | Blinding of Participants During Trial | Blinding of Study Personnel During Trial | Blinding of Outcome Assessment: Self-Reported Outcomes | Blinding of Outcome Assessment: Objective Outcomes | ||||
| Physical Activity Interventions | ||||||||||
| Canning et al. (2015) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | L |
| Cheung et al. (2018) | + | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | L |
| Demonceau et al. (2017) | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | M |
| Foster et al. (2013) | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | L |
| Goodwin et al. (2011) | + | – | – | – | + | + | – | + | + | M |
| Li et al. (2014) | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | L |
| Nascimento et al. (2014) | – | – | ? | – | – | – | + | – | + | M |
| Reuter et al. (2011) | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | M |
| Ridgel et al. (2016) | – | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | M |
| van Nimwegen et al. (2013) | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | L |
| Specific IADL-Focused Interventions | ||||||||||
| Collett et al. (2017) | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | – | + | L |
| Daley et al. (2014) | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | M |
| Nackaerts et al. (2016) | + | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | M |
| Ziliotto et al. (2015) | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | M |
| Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions | ||||||||||
| Hindle et al. (2018) | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | L |
| París et al. (2011) | + | ? | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | L |
| Individualized Occupational Therapy Interventions | ||||||||||
| Clarke et al. (2016) | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | M |
| Sturkenboom et al. (2014) | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | L |
Note. Categories for risk of bias: + = low risk of bias; ? = unclear risk of bias; – = high risk of bias. IADL = instrumental activity of daily living; L = low overall risk of bias (0–3 minuses); M = moderate overall risk of bias (4–6 minuses). Risk-of-bias table format adapted from “Assessing Risk of Bias in Included Studies,” by J. P. T. Higgins, D. G. Altman, and J. A. C. Sterne, in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0), by J. P. T. Higgins and S. Green (Eds.), March 2011. https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/. Copyright © 2011 by The Cochrane Collaboration.
Citation: Foster, E. R., Carson, L. G., Archer, J., & Hunter, E. G. (2021). Occupational therapy interventions for instrumental activities of daily living for adults with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review (Table A.2). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75, 7503190030. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.046581