Figure 4: Multi-omics pipelines for discovery of pathobiology and drug targets.

DNA, RNA (mRNA or non-coding), protein, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or metabolites derived from tissues, blood, or cell culture experiments undergo a variety of high-throughput next-generation approaches to obtain “-omes” of interest. Bioinformatics, systems biology, and network approaches are then employed to quantify differential expression/enrichment of molecules between populations or experimental conditions, to integrate information from multiple “-omes” together, and to probe them for insights into initiation and progression of pathobiology. In silico methods of target/biomarker prioritization provide molecules for validation in 2D/3D culture or in/ex vivo disease models.