Table 2.
Copy. Abbreviations: GBM = glioblastoma multiforme; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; FISH = fluorescence in situ hybridization; M = male; N/A = not applicable; Ch. = chromosome; BCNU = carmustine; 7cen = 7 centromere; LOH = loss of heterozygosity; PCV = procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine; F = female; LTF = lost to follow‐up; PNET = primitive neuroectodermal tumor; F = female; C = consultation case.
| Patient age, gender, race, year(s) of neurosurgical procedure | Relevant history; primary, secondary or radiation‐induced GBM | Tumor location/ Surgical procedure | Histological features/ Extent of necrosis | EGFR amplification status, as assessed by FISH | TP53; MIB‐1 immunostaining, % positive nuclei | Clinical outcome/ Survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 18 M Hispanic 1997 C | Primary GBM | Brainstem Biopsy | Fibrillary and pleomorphic 1+ | N/A | N/A | N/A LTF |
| 2. 24 M Caucasian 1997 C 1997 (2 surgical procedures same year) | Primary GBM Presented with cerebral hemorrhage, thought to have metastasis | Right temporal Biopsy Resection (well‐circumscribed) | Epithelioid 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–6 copies in 62.8% of cells) | 2+ TP53 29.6% MIB‐1 | Developed cerebrospinal fluid dissemination (+CSF cytology) Died 25 weeks |
| 3. 26 M Caucasian 1997 1997 (two outside procedures; slides unavailable for review) 1998 (GBM) | Secondary GBM Grade II oligodendroglioma 1997; radiation therapy; recurrence 1997, resection with BCNU wafers; secondary GBM 1998 | Right parietal Resection Resection Resection | Fibrillary with focal small cell and pleomorphic giant cell component 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7, 1, 19 (3–4 copies 7cen in 56.6% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 4+ TP53 21.8% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 2/4/1998 2 weeks LTF |
| 4. 27 M Caucasian 1988 (slides reviewed) 1996 1998 (GBM) | Secondary GBM Grade II astrocytoma 1987; radiation therapy; recurrence 1996, resection with BCNU wafers, PCV; secondary GBM 1998 | Left fronto‐parietal Stereotactic biopsy Resection Resection | Small cell 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7, 1, 19 (3–4 copies 7cen in 40.8% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 4+ TP53 23.3% MIB‐1 | Developed left neck lymph node metastases Died 48 weeks |
| 5. 30 M Race not specified 1998 C | Primary GBM Presented with hematoma, thought to have vascular lesion | Occipital Biopsy | Fibrillary 3+ | N/A | N/A | Died 57 weeks |
| 6. 29 M Race not specified 1997 C 1998 | Primary GBM | Right frontal lobe | Fibrillary with gemistocytic and pleomorphic giant cells 1997 2+ 1998 0 | N/A | 1+ TP53 19.3% MIB‐1 | Died 85 weeks |
| 7. 18 M Hispanic 1999 | Primary GBM | Right frontal Resection | Rhabdoid 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 19.2% of cells) | 1+ TP53 26.3% MIB‐1 | Died 22 weeks Autopsy showed residual tumor in right frontal lobe, adjacent leptomeninges Implantation metastasis in right fronto‐parietal scalp, microscopic metastases in both lungs |
| 8. 32 M Caucasian 1998 1999 (GBM) 2000 (GBM) | Secondary GBM Anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma, 1998 GBM, 1999 | Right temporal lobe Resection Resection | Fibrillary 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 64.2% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, Positive for LOH 19q | 1+ TP53 8.2% MIB‐1 | Died 90 weeks |
| 9. 21 M Race not specified 2000 C | Secondary GBM Myoclonic seizures for 2 years preceding tumor discovery; neuroimaging showed lesion of left motor strip but thought to be cortical dysplasia and not biopsied. Seizures resolved, medications discontinued, pt. OK until rapid development of right hemiparesis one month before biopsy | Left fronto‐parietal Stereotactic biopsy | Fibrillary with scattered multinucleated giant cells 1+ | Positive high level EGFR amplification (10 to >20 copies per cell in 19.5% of cells, Ratio = 2.7) Negative for polysomy of Ch. 7 | 1+ TP53 28.9% MIB‐1 | Died 42 weeks |
| 10. 31 F Korean 1999 (not reviewed) (GBM) 2000 (GBM + abscess) 2000 C (GBM) | Primary GBM | Right parieto‐occipital Resection | Fibrillary Necrotic abscess on first surgery of 2000, positive for actinomyces | N/A | 4+ TP53 2.2% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 8/18/2005 297 weeks |
| 11. 29 M Race not specified 2000 C | Primary GBM | Thalamus (side not specified) Biopsy | Fibrillary 0 | N/A | N/A | Died 25 weeks |
| 12. 35 M Irish National 1998 1999 2000 (all surgeries in Ireland, slides unavailable for review) 2000 (GBM) | Secondary GBM Oligoastrocytoma 1998; recurred in 1999; received radiation therapy and temozolomide, underwent reoperation in 2000 but tumor could not be resected. Came to USA for surgery the next month | Left frontal Resection | Small cell 3+ | Positive for high level EGFR amplification (Ratio = 6.6) Polysomy for Ch. 1, 7, 19 (3–4 copies 7cen in 47.7% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 1+ TP53 31.6% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 295 weeks |
| 13. 27 F Caucasian 2001 | Primary GBM Sharply demarcated but deep in the white matter | Left occipital Resection | Epithelioid 2+ | Positive for cells with EGFR amplification (Ratio = 2.0, 6–20 copies in 44.1% of cells) Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–10 copies in 39.8% of cells) | 4+ TP53 42.2% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 234 weeks |
| 14. 24 F Caucasian 2001 C 2001 C | Primary GBM | Right frontal Stereotactic biopsy Resection | N/A | N/A | N/A | Died 122 weeks |
| 15. 32 F Hispanic 2001 | Probable secondary GBM History of seizures for 6 years; symptoms had worsened recently and had delivered baby 3 months prior to surgery | Right frontal lobe Biopsy | Gemistocytic 2+ | N/A | N/A | Alive as of 3/8/2002 but LTF 28 weeks |
| 16. 30 M Caucasian 2001 | Secondary GBM | Right occipital Resection | Fibrillary 1+ | Positive for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3 copies) | N/A | Alive as of 12/6/2004 but LTF 175 weeks |
| 17. 21 M Race not specified 2002 | Primary GBM Presented with thalamic hemorrhage | Right thalamus Stereotactic biopsy | Fibrillary 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 55.7% of cells) | 3+ TP53 25.6% MIB‐1 | Died 5 weeks |
| 18. 24 M Race not specified 2002 C | Primary GBM | Right frontal | Fibrillary 3+ | N/A | N/A | LTF |
| 19. 22 M Caucasian 1984 (ependymoma) 2002 (GBM) 2002 (GBM) | Radiation‐induced GBM Original tumor posterior fossa ependymoma, WHO grade II 1984 (slides reviewed) | Left cerebellum Resection Resection | Fibrillary, with prominent mucinous degeneration, profuse microvascular proliferation 0 | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (4–10 copies in 49.2% of cells) | 1+ TP53 10.6% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 174 weeks |
| 20. 18 M 2002 C Race not specified | Primary GBM Germline short arm chromosome 22 abnormality, lower limb amputation for developmental anomaly, recurrent Burkitt lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract | Right fronto‐parietal Resection | Epithelioid admixed with pleomorphic cells 1+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 30.3% of cells) | 4+ TP53 19.1% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 173 weeks 2 years out from stem cell rescue has no residual brain tumor, receives IV/IgG for low immunoglobulin levels |
| 21. 27 M Hispanic 2002 | Radiation‐induced GBM Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 5 years previous | Cerebellum Biopsy | Fibrillary 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Negative for polysomy of Ch. 7 | 1+ TP53 46.8% MIB‐1 | Died 47 weeks |
| 22. 24 F Caucasian 2002 C | Primary GBM Turcot syndrome Poorly differentiated colon carcinoma 2002, metastatic to liver | Right temporal parietal | N/A | N/A | N/A | Died 165 weeks |
| 23. 31 M Hispanic 2002 | Primary GBM | Left frontal parietal | Fibrillary and small cell 3+ | N/A | N/A | Alive as of 6/7/2002 but LTF 3 weeks |
| 24. 34 M Hispanic 2001 C (grade II astrocytoma) 2002 (GBM) | Secondary GBM Astrocytoma grade II left frontal lobe 2001 (slides reviewed); recurred as bifrontal GBM 2002 | Bifrontal Resection | Small cell with scattered pleomorphic giant cells 2+ | N/A | 4+ TP53 46.3% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 3/4/2004 but LTF 31 weeks |
| 25. 22 F Race not specified 2003 C | Primary GBM (gliosarcoma) | Right temporal Resection | Gliosarcoma 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3 copies in 42.5% of cells) | 1+ TP53 25.9% MIB‐1 | Died 34 weeks |
| 26. 30 M Hispanic 2003 | Primary GBM | Left frontal Resection | Small cell and focal epithelioid 3+ | High level of EGFR amplification (Ratio = 7.1) Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 47.6% of cells) | 4+ TP53 53.8% MIB‐1 | Died 3 weeks |
| 27. 29 M American Indian 2003 | Primary GBM | Left temporal Stereotactic biopsy | Small cell 0 | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 1, 7, 19 (3–4 copies 7cen in 50.8% of cells) No LOH 1p, 19q | 1+ TP53 42.0% MIB‐1 | Died 67 weeks |
| 28. 31 M Caucasian 2003 2003 | Primary GBM | Right frontal Stereotactic biopsy Resection | Small cell with scattered pleomorphic giant cells 2+ | EGFR not performed Negative for deletion of 1p, Positive for deletion of 19q | 4+ TP53 24.5% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 117 weeks |
| 29. 25 F Race not specified 2003 C | Primary GBM Thought to be a brain abscess | Left parietal Biopsy | Fibrillary 3+ | Positive for EGFR amplification (20 copies in 85% of cells) | 1+ TP53 54.3% MIB‐1 | Died 61 weeks |
| 30. 28 F Caucasian 2004 2004 | Primary GBM | Right temporal Resection Resection | Small cell 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 37.6% of cells) | 1+ TP53 37.6% MIB‐1 | Died 61 weeks |
| 31. 31 M Caucasian 2004 | Primary GBM | Left medulla Biopsy | Fibrillary and small cell 3+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 26.8% of cells) | 2+ TP53 28.9% MIB‐1 | Died 48 weeks |
| 32. 26 M Race not specified 2004 C | Primary GBM Presented with cerebral hemorrhage | Right frontal Resection | Fibrillary and small cell 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 54.2% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 1+ TP53 21.4% MIB‐1 | Died 53 weeks |
| 33. 29 M Caucasian 2004 | Primary GBM | Thoracic cord, T7‐T11 Resection | Fibrillary and small cell 0 | Negative for EGFR amplification Negative for polysomy of Ch. 7 | 1+ TP53 29.8% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 63 weeks |
| 34. 34 F Caucasian 2004 C | Primary GBM | Left temporal parietal | Fibrillary and gemistocytic 1+ | N/A | N/A | Died 91 weeks |
| 35. 29 M Race not specified 2005 C | Primary GBM | Right fronto‐parietal Biopsy | Small cell with unusual eosinophilic filamentous inclusions 0 | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 7 (3–4 copies in 42.5% of cells) | 4+ TP53 31.7% MIB‐1 | Died 49 weeks |
| 36. 17 M Caucasian 2005 | Primary GBM Presented with cerebral hemorrhage | Left temporal Resection | Small cell 3+ | Positive for cells with EGFR amplification (8.4% of cells, Ratio = 1.4) Polysomy for Ch. 1, 7, 19 (3–6 copies of 7cen in 63.4% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 4+ TP53 69.3% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 39 weeks (patient treated on PNET chemotherapy regimen) |
| 37. 29 F Caucasian 2005 | Primary GBM | Left frontal Resection | Fibrillary 1+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 1, 7, 19 (3–4 copies 7cen in 44.2% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 3+ TP53 28.8% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 23 weeks |
| 38. 34 M Caucasian 2005 | Primary GBM Cystic mass thought to be abscess, or less likely tumor | Left frontal | Small cell 2+ | Negative for EGFR amplification Polysomy for Ch. 1, 7, 19 (3–6 copies 7cen in 76.8% of cells) Negative for LOH 1p, 19q | 1+ TP53 52.8% MIB‐1 | Alive as of 12/31/2005 3 weeks |