Table 2. Difference-in-difference regression results.

	Difference-in-difference estimators
Outcomes	Year 1		Year 2		Year 3
	ATT	SE	ATT	SE	ATT	SE
Adherence and Persistence
Proportion of days covered	0.22***	0.02	0.25***	0.02	0.29***	0.03
Days until discontinuationa	119.04***	8.31	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Indicators for health care utilization
Outpatient cases	-0.16	0.63	0.54	0.63	0.52	0.63
due to diabetes	-0.07	0.28	0.17	0.29	-0.02	0.29
Pharmaceutical prescriptions	-4.02***	1.07	-3.48***	1.14	-4.87***	1.77
due to diabetes	-4.59***	0.20	-3.66***	0.27	-3.27***	0.23
Proportion with emergency visits	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04
due to T2Dcomorbidities	0.01	0.02	-0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02
Therapeutic safety
Proportion with adverse drug events	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.03
Comorbidities
Proportion with microangiopathic complications
Eye complication	0.00	0.04	-0.03	0.04	-0.07	0.05
Renal failure	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.04	-0.02	0.04
Diabetic foot syndrome/ Periphere neuropathy	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.04	-0.02	0.05
Proportion with macroangiopathic complications
Myocardial infarction	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Ischemic heart disease	0.00	0.03	-0.02	0.03	-0.01	0.04
Angina pectoris	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02	-0.01	0.03
Heart failure	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02
Cerebrovascular disease	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.02	-0.01	0.03
Treatment modificationb
Proportion with alternative
Oral antidiabetics	0.00	0.03	0.02	0.04	-0.01	0.03
Insulins	0.03**	0.01	0.03	0.03	-0.03	0.04

ATT: Average treatment effect on the treated represents excess outcomes attributable to FDC with

* p<0.10,

** p<0.05,

***p<0.01, SE: Standard error

^arefers to discontinuation of treatment in year one of post-index period, estimated using weighted least squares.

^bbased on individuals who modified their dual theapy (N: FDC = 732, LDC = 229)