Table 1.
Standardized parcel estimates (Standard errors) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Item parcels | Honor | Face | Dignity | |
1. | You maintain your dignity if you punish people that double-cross you | |||
People will take advantage if you don’t show them how tough you are | 0.588 (0.061) | |||
2. | Sometimes you have to fight to stop people from taking advantage of you | |||
You lose respect if you back down from a fight | 0.736 (0.062) | |||
3. | Only losers let people say insulting things to them and get away with it | |||
It’s important to punish those who say bad things about family and friends | 0.620 (0.060) | |||
1. | Parents and elders give the best advice about how to get along with others | |||
I feel proud when I do my duty without calling attention to myself | 0.640 (0.044) | |||
2. | It’s everyone’s duty to help people get along with each other | |||
You maintain your dignity when you do your best in a humble way | 0.879 (0.031) | |||
3. | Even when they do something wrong, you shouldn’t criticize others | |||
I try to avoid conflict even if it means some disappointment | ||||
Having good relations with others is more important than being right | 0.678 (0.041) | |||
1. | You show you have inner strength when you let things go | 0.721 (0.044) | ||
2. | I do what my conscience says is right, even if others don’t agree | |||
Everyone should be treated the same, no matter what their job is or what family they come from | 0.482 (0.059) | |||
3. | Outer strength is pretty useless without inner strength and dignity | |||
I feel proud when I do what is right and ignore what people think of me | 0.601 (0.053) | |||
Omegas (calculated from unstandardized estimates) | Ω(6 items) = .69 | Ω(7 items) = .79 | Ω(5 items) = .65 | |
Items discarded due to low estimates or cross-loadings | ||||
I would go to the ends of the earth to repay an important favor | X | |||
You lose honor if you don’t repay people for helping you out | X | |||
I couldn’t feel good about myself if I embarrassed my family | X | |||
People who fail to consider the wishes of the group are selfish | X | |||
You get along with others if you are humble and know your place | X | |||
People who act the toughest are usually the most insecure | X | |||
Getting back at someone is best left to the authorities | X | |||
Those who can forget about small insults earn people’s respect | X | |||
Punishment of wrongdoers is best left to the authorities | X | |||
When people believe in themselves, they don’t need to fight others | X | |||
People who get in fights just because someone insulted them look childish | X | |||
I shrug it off if someone criticizes or insults me in front of others | X | |||
You maintain your dignity when you don’t get upset by little insults | X |
Note. N = 267. Scale = 1 (not true) to 6 (true). Items were intermixed during administration.