Table 2.

Hierarchical Regression Predicting Retaliation, Reconciliation, Anger Suppression, and Threat Vigilance.

	Avenge selfa			Avenge peera			Reconcile selfa			Reconcile peera			Suppress angerb			Perceive threatc
Entry steps	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]	ΔR2	B	95% CI [LL, UL]
U.S. sample
Covariates	.12			.04			.01			.01			.03			.14
Norms	.06			.07			.19			.17			.04			.02
Honord		19***	[0.10, 0.27]		.20***	[0.11, 0.28]		−.07	[−0.20, 0.06]		−.14	[−0.27, 0.00]		.07	[−0.10, 0.24]		.63	[−0.48, 1.74]
Faced		−.03	[−0.12, 0.06]		.03	[−0.07, 0.12]		.57***	[0.42, 0.71]		.56***	[0.40, 0.72]		.32***	[0.14, 0.51]		−.36*	[−0.69, −0.03]
Covariates by honor	NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			.03
Canadian sample
Covariates	.03			.01			.01			.00			.01			.01
Norms	.26			.15			.09			.07			.05			.05
Honord		.36***	[0.29, 0.43]		.31***	[0.23, 0.39]		.08	[−0.20, 0.05]		.00	[−0.13, 0.13]		−.21**	[−0.35, −0.06]		.58***	[0.29, 0.87]
Faced		−.04	[−0.10, 0.03]		.00	[−0.07, 0.08]		.29***	[0.17, 0.40]		.30***	[0.18, 0.42]		.16*	[0.03, 0.30]		.00	[−0.26, 0.27]

Note. U.S. N = 267; Canadian N = 331. Control variables were ethnicity and gender. Coefficients reflect simple effect models for all analyses except for perceive threat in the U.S. sample, which includes a covariate by honor interaction. None of the analyses revealed a significant covariate by face interaction. CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit. All ΔR² values for the entry of norms were significant at α < .05 in both samples.

^aScale = 1 (not at all) to 5 (did a lot).

^bScale = 1 (almost never) to 6 (almost always).

^cPerceive threat combines standardized items from the California Victimization Survey, Scale 0 = (no events) to 9 (9 or more events/month), and the Schedule of Racist Events, Scale = 0 (no events) to 3 (often).

^dScale = 1 (not true) to 6 (true).

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.