Table 5:
Summary of Intervention Outcomes
| Patient outcomes | Caregiver outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant* | Nonsignificant | Significant* | Nonsignificant | |
| Self-management behaviors | Medication adherence (Aikens, Trivedi, Aron, et al., 2015; Aikens, Trivedi, Heapy, et al., 2015; Piette et al., 2015); physical activity (Berli et al., 2016; Porter et al., 2018); medical compliance: medication adherence, clinic appointments, blood tests, physical activity, diet adherence (Dew et al., 2004); heart failure self-care (Srisuk et al., 2017) | Heart failure self-care (Agren et al., 2012; Piette et al., 2015) | Physical activity (Porter et al., 2018) | |
| Self-management processes | Perceived control at 3 months (Agren et al., 2012); self-efficacy to manage symptoms (Porter et al., 2017); partner support (Porter et al., 2018); heart failure self-efficacy and heart failure knowledge (Srisuk et al., 2017) | Perceived control at 12 months (Agren et al., 2012); cancer self-efficacy and social support (Northouse et al., 2014); Social support (Pfeiffer et al., 2017) | Cancer self-efficacy and social support (Northouse et al., 2014); care partners’ self-management support (Piette, Striplin, Marinec, Chen, & Aikens, 2015; Porter et al., 2018); self-efficacy to manage symptoms (Porter et al., 2017); heart failure knowledge at 3 and 6 months, and perceived control at 3 months only (Srisuk et al., 2017) | Perceived control (Agren et al., 2012) |
| Physical symptoms | Shortness of breath and clinically significant weight gain (Piette et al., 2015); symptom distress related to prostate cancer (bowel dysfunction, urinary irritability), and general symptoms (fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance) (Song et al., 2015) | General symptom distress (12 cancer-related symptoms) (Badger et al., 2013); erectile dysfunction (Schover et al., 2012) | Physical symptom (Badger et al., 2013); improvement in partners’ perception of patients’ prostate cancer’s symptoms as problems and small improvement of general symptoms (fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance) (Song et al., 2015) | Female sexual function (Schover et al., 2012) |
| Psychological symptoms | Depression remission (Aikens, Trivedi, Heapy et al., 2015); depression and anxiety (Dew et al., 2004); emotional distress (Northouse et al., 2014); depression and anxiety (Pfeiffer et al., 2017); cancer-related distress and psychological growth (Porter et al., 2017) | Depression (Agren et al., 2012); depression (Badger et al., 2013); emotional distress (Schover et al., 2012) | Distress level, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms (Dew et al., 2004); emotional distress (Northouse et al., 2014); depressive symptoms and caregiver strain at 6 and 12 months (Piette, Striplin, Marinec, Chen, & Aikens, 2015) | Symptoms of depression and caregiver burden (Agren et al., 2012); depression (Badger et al., 2013) |
| Quality of life | Social well-being (Badger et al., 2013); QOL in social functioning (Dew et al., 2004); overall (total) QOL, physical QOL, functional QOL (Northouse et al., 2014); general health status (Piette et al., 2016); physical QOL (Porter et al., 2018); overall, physical, and social QOL (Song et al., 2015); emotional dimension of HF-specific QOL at 3 and 6 months (Srisuk et al., 2017) | Spiritual well-being (Badger et al., 2013); physical and mental components of QOL (Agren et al., 2012); HF-specific QOL (Piette et al., 2015) | Social well-being (Badger et al., 2013); QOL in social functioning (Dew et al., 2004); overall (total) QOL, physical QOL, functional QOL (Northouse et al., 2014); social QOL (Song et al., 2015) | Physical and mental components of QOL (Agren et al., 2012; Srisuk et al., 2017) |
| Interpersonal outcomes | Communication (Piette et al., 2015; Porter et al., 2017); relationship satisfaction and intimacy (Porter et al., 2017) | Communication (Northouse et al., 2014; Song et al., 2015); relationship satisfaction (Schover et al., 2012; Song et al., 2015); sexual satisfaction (Schover et al., 2012) | Relationship satisfaction (Porter et al., 2017) | Communication (Northouse et al., 2014; Porter et al., 2017; Song et al., 2015); intimacy (Porter et al., 2017); relationship satisfaction (Schover et al., 2012; Song et al., 2015); sexual satisfaction (Schover et al., 2012) |
Note:
*
Significant findings included significant group × time differences for RCTs or significant changes over time for pre-post designs.
No outcomes reported in four studies (Fergus et al., 2014; Mayberry et al., 2016; Piette et al., 2008; Piette et al., 2013).