Table 4.
Multivariate ordered logit regression models† on the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ) for men (N = 320), with EM-imputation.
| Model | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stigma dimension | Negative cognitions | Negative affects | Discriminatory inclinations | |||||
| Stigma facet | Dangerous | Blame | Fear | Anger | Avoidance | Coercion | No help | Segregation |
| Vignette dimensions | ||||||||
| Age: old (ref. young) | 0.97 [0.65, 1.44] |
1.18 [0.79, 1.75] |
0.84 [0.55, 1.28] |
1.29 [0.87, 1.92] |
1.09 [0.73, 1.62] |
1.06 [0.71, 1.59] |
0.96 [0.65, 1.42] |
1.18 [0.79, 1.74] |
| Precipitating event: drug from friend (ref. from medical doctor) | 1.04 [0.71, 1.54] |
1.44 [0.97, 2.13] |
1.10 [0.72, 1.67] |
1.05 [0.71, 1.56] |
1.74**
[1.17, 2.59] |
1.06 [0.7, 1.59] |
1.29 [0.87, 1.92] |
1.07 [0.72, 1.58] |
| Drug of addiction: heroin (ref. opium) | 1.33 [0.89, 1.97] |
1.25 [0.83, 1.86] |
1.49 [0.97, 2.26] |
1.28 [0.86, 1.91] |
1.38 [0.92, 2.06] |
1.13 [0.74, 1.70] |
0.77 [0.52, 1.15] |
1.35 [0.91, 2.01] |
| Controllability: high (ref. low) | 1.01 [0.67, 1.5] |
1.05 [0.71, 1.55] |
1.28 [0.84, 1.94] |
0.84 [0.57, 1.24] |
1.00 [0.68, 1.49] |
0.67*
[0.44, 0.99] |
1.07 [0.72, 1.58] |
0.97 [0.65, 1.42] |
| Aggressive behavior: yes (ref. no) | 7.75***
[4.98, 12.09] |
1.85**
[1.24, 2.75] |
3.58***
[2.32, 5.52] |
1.68**
[1.14, 2.51] |
2.05**
[1.37, 3.06] |
1.82**
[1.22, 2.75] |
1.16 [0.78, 1.72] |
1.87**
[1.26, 2.78] |
| Respondent characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 0.99 [0.97, 1.00] |
0.98*
[0.96, 0.99] |
0.98 [0.96, 1.00] |
0.96***
[0.95, 0.98] |
0.98**
[0.96, 0.99] |
0.97**
[0.95, 0.99] |
1.00 [0.98, 1.02] |
0.98*
[0.96, 1.00] |
| Educational level (ref. University degree) | ||||||||
| •Illiterate | 0.73 [0.23,2.38] |
1.70 [0.42, 6.96] |
1.95 [0.45, 8.41] |
3.18 [0.81, 12.4] |
0.74 [0.18, 2.94] |
0.32 [0.07, 1.43] |
0.72 [0.21, 2.49] |
2.85 [0.86, 9.39] |
| •No high school diploma | 0.69 [0.35, 1.34] |
1.37 [0.71, 2.63] |
1.21 [0.61, 2.42] |
0.75 [0.39, 1.45] |
0.53 [0.27, 1.02] |
0.45*
[0.23, 0.89] |
0.64 [0.32, 1.26] |
0.97 [0.5, 1.86] |
| •High school diploma | 0.72 [0.46, 1.14] |
1.16 [0.74, 1.82] |
1.29 [0.79, 2.10] |
1.02 [0.65, 1.59] |
0.72 [0.46, 1.13] |
0.66 [0.41, 1.05] |
0.83 [0.53, 1.31] |
1.11 [0.7, 1.75] |
| Self-reported knowledge about addiction | 0.97 [0.9, 1.05] |
1.08*
[1, 1.17] |
1.00 [0.93, 1.09] |
0.94 [0.87, 1.01] |
0.99 [0.93, 1.07] |
0.90**
[0.83, 0.97] |
1.08*
[1, 1.17] |
1.01 [0.94, 1.09] |
| Prior drug use (ref. no) | 1.67 [0.96, 2.9] |
1.53 [0.88, 2.66] |
1.26 [0.70, 2.24] |
1.37 [0.79, 2.39] |
3.69***
[2.04, 6.70] |
2.55**
[1.42, 4.56] |
1.62 [0.94, 2.79] |
1.31 [0.76, 2.26] |
| Knowing people with drug addiction (ref. no) | 1.45 [0.90, 2.33] |
0.82 [0.51, 1.33] |
1.48 [0.89, 2.44] |
0.83 [0.51, 1.34] |
1.27 [0.79, 2.03] |
0.91 [0.56, 1.46] |
0.84 [0.52, 1.35] |
1.20 [0.74, 1.95] |
†
Odds ratios (95%-confidence intervals in brackets).
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001 (two-tailed).