Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 697 Children in the STEPS Cohort by Number of Antibiotic Treatments During Age 0–11 Months
| 0–1 Antibiotic Treatment (n = 501; 72%) | ≥2 Antibiotic Treatments (n = 196; 28%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 255 (51) | 114 (58) |
| Maternal history of asthma | 36 (7) | 16 (8) |
| Parental history of asthma | 56 (11) | 30 (15) |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 23 (5) | 9 (5) |
| Birth by cesarean delivery | 72 (14) | 18 (9) |
| Prematurity (<37 weeks) | 24 (5) | 6 (3) |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 17 (3) | 4 (2) |
| Small for gestational age | 11 (2) | 3 (2) |
| Household sibling | 183 (37) | 119 (61) |
| Breastfed during age 0–2 monthsa | 391 (78) | 164 (84) |
| Parental smokingb | 59 (12) | 29 (15) |
| Eczema by age 13 months | 69 (14) | 39 (20) |
| Day care at age 13 months | 111 (22) | 43 (22) |
| Number of ARIs during age 0–11 months, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 7 (5–10) |
Data are no. (%) of children unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ARI, acute respiratory infection; IQR, interquartile range; STEPS, Steps to the Healthy Development and Well-being of Children.
aData on breastfeeding available for 630 (90%) children.
bData on parental smoking available for 557 (80%) children.